Lvdv viscometer

Example 4

Frozen washed orange pulp cells were obtained from Vita Pakt™ (Covina, Calif.). Hot water was added to the frozen pulp to thaw the pulp. After thawing, the materials were dewatered on a screen to remove any excess water and produce a pulp with a 5% solids content. The thawed and screened materials were refined at 5% solids using a Sprout Waldron disk mill (Muncy, Pa.), Model 12-ICP. The refined materials were then dispersed using an IKA Dispax™ Reactor, Model DR 3-6A (Wilmington, N.C.) at 5% solids. The dispersed materials were then homogenized one time at 8000 psi (approximately 5.times.10⁵ sec⁻¹ shear rate) using an APV Gaulin high pressure homogenizer, Model MC(P)-45 (Wilmington, Mass.) at 5% solids. The homogenized materials were then dried at 70° F. in a Harvest Saver™ Dehydrator made by Commercial Dehydrator Systems (Eugene, Oreg.). The dried materials were then ground in a Fitzmill, Model D6 (Elmhurst, Ill.), with a 0.050 inch round 22 gauge 316 stainless steel screen. After grinding, the ground materials were then rehydrated at 1% solids using a standard kitchen household blender on high speed for three minutes. Viscosity was then measured using a Brookfield LVDV++ viscometer (Middleboro, Mass.) with cylindrical spindles.

Example 8

Dried citrus peel and/or beet fiber products commonly sold today for a fiber source can also be processed and produce a functional product. A dry ground citrus peel product was obtained from Vita Pakt™ (Covina, Calif.). The dry ground citrus peel was then dispersed at 3% solids using an IKA Dispax™ Reactor, Model DR 3-6A (Wilmington, N.C.) at 5% solids. The dispersed materials were then homogenized one time at 8000 psi using an APV Gaulin high pressure homogenizer, Model MC(P)-45 (Wilmington, Mass.).

Viscosity was then measured using a Brookfield LVDV++ viscometer (Middleboro, Mass.) with cylindrical spindles.

3 Viscosity (cP), 3% Method 0.5 rpm 10 rpm 60 rpm 100 rpm 200 rpm Dry product in water<10<10 cP<10 cP<10 cP<10 Cp Dry product after 1666 213 65 44 29 shearing

Example 5

Frozen washed orange pulp cells were obtained from Vita Pakt™ (Covina, Calif.). Hot water was added to the frozen pulp to thaw the pulp. After thawing, the materials were dewatered on a screen to remove any excess water and produce a pulp with a 5% solids content. These materials were then put in a blender on high speed for 3 minutes (approximately 30,000 to 40,000 sec⁻¹ shear rate) and the viscosity was then measured using a Brookfield LVDV++ viscometer (Middleboro, Mass.) with cylindrical spindles.