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2 protocols using gpr41

1

Fucose Regulates Gut Microbiome Metabolism

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To address whether fucose affects ISCs by regulating gut microbe-mediated metabolism, ileal contents were used to treat organoids as previously described.16 (link) Briefly, 100 mg of ileal contents was suspended in 1 ml serum-free DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco), vortexed for 1 h at 4°C, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, and filtered using a 0.22 μm filter (Millipore). The organoids were treated with 0.01% ileal content. 0.1 μM Gpr41 and 3 mM Gpr43 antagonist β-hydroxybutyrate (Sigma-Aldrich) and GLPG0974 (Sigma-Aldrich) were used to inhibit Gpr41/Gpr43. One millimolar propionic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium propionate (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to examine the role of propionate metabolism in fucose-induced ISCs promotion. One hundred nanomolar Wnt-c59 was used to inhibit Wnt signaling.
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2

Whole Kidney Protein Expression Analysis

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Whole kidney tissues were homogenized with RIPA buffer (Boston BioProducts, Inc., Ashland, MA) containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. 100 μg of protein from each sample were loaded and electrophoresed in sodiumdodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred onto PVDF membranes. Membranes were probed with appropriate primary antibody at 4°C overnight. Olfr78 (Abcam, ab140907), Gpr41 (Sigma, SAB4501281), Gpr43 (Santa Cruz, sc293202), Tgfβ (Abcam, ab64715), Rorcγ (Abcam, ab207082), Il6 (Abcam, ab6672), Gpr120, (ThermoFisher, PA5-50973), Gapdh (Santa Cruz, sc32233). Respective Horseradish Peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody incubation was for 2 h at room temperature. Membranes were developed using chemiluminescence (Pierce ECL Western blotting substrate; Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). Gapdh was used as loading control and band intensity was quantified using ImageJ software.
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