Chlorpheniramine

The following drugs were used for toxicity assessment in this study: amiodarone (TCI, Tokyo, Japan, A2530-1G), atorvastatin (TCI, A2476-1G), clotrimazole (Wako, Tokyo, Japan, 035-16021), aspirin (Wako, 015-10262), cyclosporin A (Wako, 031-24931), chlorpheniramine (Wako, 030-13271), chlorpromazine (Wako, 033-10581), and ibuprofen (Wako, 098-02641). All drugs were diluted with DMSO to the desired concentrations.

Chemicals All the pyrazine derivatives used in this study were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine, indomethacin, and chlorpheniramine were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). N G -Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). 1H- [1,2,4] Oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.).
Animals Specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats purchased from Nihon SLC (Yokohama, Japan) were used in this study. The rats were housed under a 12 : 12-h light/dark cycle with lights in a temperature-controlled room maintained at 24±2.0°C. Humidity was maintained at 55±10%, and food (CE-2; Clea, Tokyo, Japan) and water were provided. Blood flow measurement was performed at the age of 9 to 10 weeks. The rats were treated in accordance with the ethical guidelines for animal care, handling, and termination established by * To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: Hiroshi_Ashigai@kirin.co.jp Kirin Co., Ltd.