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Aβ1 42

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Sourced in United Kingdom

Aβ1-42 is a peptide product used in laboratory research. It is a synthetic form of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, which is a key component in the study of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. The product is designed to facilitate research on the structure, function, and aggregation of amyloid-beta proteins.

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4 protocols using aβ1 42

1

Aβ Extraction from Brain Tissue

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Aβ extraction was performed on microdissected brain tissue enriched for cortex and hippocampus. Lysates were mixed with an equal volume of 0.4% diethylamine in NaCl and centrifuged for 13,500 g for 1 h at 4°C. The supernatant was collected and neutralized with 0.5 M Tris, pH 6.8, and analyzed as the soluble Aβ fraction. The pellet was sonicated with 70% formic acid and centrifuged at 105,000 g for 45 min at 4°C. The supernatant was neutralized and analyzed as the insoluble Aβ fraction. Samples were analyzed by sandwich ELISA using 6E10 as the capture antibody and Aβ1-42 as detection antibody (Covance) as previously described (Cramer et al., 2012 (link)).
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2

Immunodetection of Neurodegeneration Markers

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Primary antibodies were diluted at 1:500 unless otherwise stated. Primary antibodies included: mouse monoclonal antibodies against MBP (Millipore, MBP382, epitope 129–138,1:10 dilution), AβPP (Millipore, MAB348, epitope 66–81, 1:2,000 dilution), Aβ1–16 (Covance), Aβ17–24 (Covance), Aβ1–42 (Covance), and neurofilament (NF) (Millipore, MAB5254, Anti-Neurofilament 160 kDa Antibody, 1:1,000 dilution); and rabbit polyclonal antibodies that detected a degraded myelin basic protein complex we call dMBP (Millipore, AB5864, specificity: recognizes MBP in demyelinated areas of brain, MBP epitopes 69–86) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/B light chain 3B precursor (LC3b, 3868S, Cell Signaling).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurodegenerative Markers

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Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of mid-frontal,
cingulate, parahippocampal cortex and thalamus in all DLB cases were
immunolabelled for Aβ1-42 (0.5 μg/ml; Covance), Aβ1-40 (1 μg/ml;
Covance), pSer129 α-syn (0.8 μg/ml; Abcam) and α-syn (80 mg/l; Vector
Labs, Peterborough, UK) by use of a standard streptavidin-biotin-HRP
immunohistochemistry protocol [58 (link)]. The extent of immunolabelling of each antigen was
measured by field fraction analysis with the help of Image Pro Plus™
software (Media Cybernetics, Marlow, UK) driving a Leica DM microscope
with a motorized stage. The software made an unbiased selection of
twelve × 20-objective fields and the percentage area immunopositive for
the relevant antigen was determined for each section, as outlined
previously [59 (link),60 (link)].
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4

Immunohistochemistry of Amyloid Pathology

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Animals were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane, and then perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Brains were sucrose protected and coronal sections cut on a cryostat (50- μm thick). After blocking nonspecific sites with a buffer containing 2% goat serum, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS, sections were incubated with primary antibody. The primary antibodies were diluted at 1:500 unless otherwise stated. Antibodies included mouse monoclonals against: MBP (Millipore, 1:10 dilution); N-Sphingomyelinase2 (Abcam); Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG, Abbiotec); Lamp1 (Santa Cruz); Caveolin 1 (Cell Signaling); rodent Aβ (Covance); Aβ1 - 40/42 (Millipore); Aβ1 - 42 (Covance); and a rabbit polyclonal against neurofilament light chain protein (NF-L) (Millipore; 1:1000 dilutions). The primary antibody was incubated with sections at 4°C overnight. The secondary antibody was incubated with sections at room temperature for 2 h. Goat anti-mouse or goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor ® 488 or 594 conjugated antibodies (Invitrogen) were used for secondary antibodies depending on the species of the primary antibody. Primary antibody was omitted to assess non-specific staining. Sections were stained with FSB, a Congo red derivative [21 (link)] (Millipore, 0.5 μM in PBS, 20 min), to identify amyloid plaques in the mouse AD model.
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