Tocotrienol

Hexane, heptane, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol and acetone were purchased from VWR BDH Chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Pyridine, BSTFA + 1% TMSC, DPPH, Folin–Ciocalteu, sodium carbonate, ellagic acid, gallic acid, fatty acids, phytosterol standards, α-cholestane and enzymes were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France). Purchased enzymes were a cocktail of arabanase, cellulase, β-glucanase, hemicellulase and xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (Viscozyme L, ≥100 FBGU/g), acid protease from Rhizopus sp. (P0107, ≥0.2 U/mg) and an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis (Alcalase 2.4 L FG, ≥2.4 U/g). Tocotrienol and tocopherol mixed solution standard came from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France).

Supelco 37 component FAME mix and the standards of the volatile compounds propanediol, α-phellandrene, camphene, myrcene, p-cymene, and limonene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Tocotrienol and the mixed solution of tocopherol standards were from ChromaDex (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Kjeldahl tablets containing 3.5 g K₂SO₄ and 3.5 mg Se, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), n-hexane of PESTINORM^® grade, and methanol HiPerSolv CHROMANORM grade (MeOH) were purchased from VWR International (Stříbrná Skalice, Czech Republic). Tashiro’s indicator was from P-LAB (Prague, Czech Republic). Nitric acid (HNO₃), sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), benzene, isopropanol, and petroleum ether of analytical grade were from Lach-Ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Sea sand was purchased from PENTA (Prague, Czech Republic). Ultrapure HPLC water was acquired from Simplicity UV system (Merck Millipore, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).