Ni usb 6221
Manufactured by National Instruments
Sourced in Germany
The NI USB-6221 is a multifunction data acquisition (DAQ) device that provides analog input, analog output, and digital I/O capabilities. It connects to a computer via a USB interface and is designed for small-scale measurement and automation applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Pmt1001, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Model 1700, by A-M Systems (1 mentions)
Hl 2000, by OceanOptics (1 mentions)
Lucplanfln 40, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Labview, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Maitai, by Spectra-Physics (1 mentions)
Hum bug 50 60 hz, by Digitimer (1 mentions)
Axon multiclamp 700b amplifier, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
8 protocols using ni usb 6221
1
Auditory Evoked Potentials with Spectral Ripple Stimuli
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Fig. 2 shows a wideband, high-sampling rate, acquisition system that uses single-channel artifact attenuation to record late auditory evoked potentials in response to the spectral ripple stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm. The setup, along with the artifact attenuation procedure, is described in detail elsewhere [36] (link). Briefly, the sampling rate on the analog to digital converter (ADC) (NI-USB 6221, National Instruments, Austin, TX) was set to 125 kHz, the amplifier (SRS 560, Stanford Research Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) gain was set to 2000, the amplifier high-pass filter was set to 0.03 and the low-pass filter to 100 kHz. Standard gold cup surface electrodes were placed at Cz, on the mastoid and on the collarbone, these last two electrodes were placed contralateral to the CI location. The positive end of the amplifier was connected to Cz, the negative end to the mastoid and the ground to the collarbone. Electrode impedances were always below 5 kΩ and care was taken to ensure that impedances were matched to within 1 kΩ to minimize low frequency artifacts [36] (link). The output of the amplifier was connected to one channel on the ADC. A trigger pulse generated simultaneously with the stimulus, and presented on a separate channel, was connected to a second channel on the ADC and used to synchronize stimulus presentation and acquisition.
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2
Persistent Luminescence Phantom Characterization
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PDMS phantoms as prepared above were charged for 10 s by a 365-nm LED at 0.13 mW/mm2, and a photomultiplier tube (PMT1001; Thorlabs, Newton, NJ) was put in the close vicinity of the phantom to collect the persistent luminescence after the charging light was turned off. The output voltage from the PMT, which exhibits a linear dependence on light intensity, was then collected with a multifunction input/output (I/O) device (NI USB-6221, National Instruments, Austin, TX).
3
Evoked Potential Paradigm for Cochlear Implants
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The stimuli used in the evoked potential paradigm were similar to those used in the psychoacoustic paradigm except that 4000 pure tones ranging from 100 to 8000 Hz were used to cover the full frequency range of the CI filter bank. The lower pure tone range in the psychoacoustic stimuli allowed for the stimuli to be generated and presented faster while still presenting some energy to the highest CI high-frequency band.
Standard and ripple phase-inverted stimuli with durations of either 300 or 500 ms and with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 ripples/octave were generated and stored. Examples of the stimuli characterization at one and four ripples/octave can be seen inFig. 1 . There was no significant difference for the use of 300 or 500 ms stimuli with respect to the CI artifact, therefore, data from both stimuli duration were pooled together for analysis. The same set of stored stimulus tokens were used for all presentations to all subjects. In Trinity College Dublin stimuli were presented via a standard PC soundcard (44.1 kHz sampling rate) and in University of California, Irvine stimuli were presented using a USB digital to analog converter (DAC, 44.1 kHz sampling rate) (NI-USB 6221, National Instruments, Austin, TX).
Standard and ripple phase-inverted stimuli with durations of either 300 or 500 ms and with 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 ripples/octave were generated and stored. Examples of the stimuli characterization at one and four ripples/octave can be seen in
4
Electrophysiological Characterization of HCN4 Channels
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TEVC recordings were conducted at 22 °C using a Turbo Tec 10 CX amplifier (NPI, Tamm, Germany), a DAAD board NI USB 6221 (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and the GePulse software (Dr. Michael Pusch, Genova, Italy). Recordings were performed using ND96 solution containing NaCl 96 mM, KCl 2 mM, CaCl2 1.8 mM, MgCl2 1 mM and HEPES 5 mM (adjusted to pH 7.4 with 1 M NaOH). CPZ test solution was freshly prepared from a 50 mM DMSO stock to final concentration of 100 µM with ND96 buffer resulting in final DMSO concentration of 0.2%. For the optimal comparability of measurements, ND96 was supplemented with 0.2% DMSO in the control recording solution. Recording pipettes were filled with 3 M KCl and had a resistance in the range of 0.5–1.5 MΩ. For stimulation of HCN4 channels, the protocol shown in Figure 2 was used.
Before the application of different voltage steps, the ND96 + 0.2% DMSO or the 100 µM CPZ solution were washed in for 20 s at a holding potential of 0 mV. After wash-in, hyperpolarizing steps of varying voltages from −40 mV to −140 mV with the duration of 4500 ms were applied, which was then followed by an 800 ms step to −140 mV before clamping back to 0 mV holding potential (Figure 2 ).
Before the application of different voltage steps, the ND96 + 0.2% DMSO or the 100 µM CPZ solution were washed in for 20 s at a holding potential of 0 mV. After wash-in, hyperpolarizing steps of varying voltages from −40 mV to −140 mV with the duration of 4500 ms were applied, which was then followed by an 800 ms step to −140 mV before clamping back to 0 mV holding potential (
5
Multimodal neural activity recording
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We recorded intracellularly from up to three neurons simultaneously using 20–50 MΩ glass microelectrodes filled with 3 M potassium acetate and 60 mM potassium chloride, using Neuroprobe amplifiers (Model 1600; A-M systems, Sequim, WA). Intracellular recordings provided additional information regarding the behavioral state of the preparation as well as confirmation of the corresponding optical signals. We recorded extracellularly using suction electrodes and a four-channel differential amplifier (Model 1700; A-M Systems). All electrical signals were digitized at 10 kHz using a 16-bit analog-to-digital board (NI USB-6221; National Instruments, Austin, TX) and VScope software (Wagenaar, 2017 (link)).
6
Laser-based Nanoscale Optical Characterization
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The beam used for PAE is derived from a Ti:sapphire laser (Spectra Physics Mai Tai) and polarized along the horizontal axis of the pBNA structure. Before coupling to the microscope, the laser beam is reflected by a pair of galvo mirrors which are operated for beam steering by Labview (National Instruments Corporation), a data acquisition and instrument control platform58 (link). The galvo driver is connected to a DAQ board (NI USB-6221) with the position of the mirrors controlled by the output voltage. A 0.6-NA, collar-adjustable microscope objective (Olympus LUCPlanFLN × 40) is used to focus the incident laser beam onto the plane of the pBNA structure, which is placed on the sample stage of a standard microscope. A white-light source (Ocean Optics HL-2000) with an approximate bandwidth over 400–1,000 nm is used to measure the reflectance of the doubly heterogeneous nanoantenna arrays.
7
Peroneal Nerve Stimulation and EMG Recording
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The peroneal nerve was stimulated by a 2 disc bar electrode (3 cm spacing between discs) filled with conductive gel. It was positioned inferior to the fibular head with the cathode distal, and secured in place with an elastic strap [24 ]. The pulse duration was set to 1 ms to be consistent with our patient studies. In some patients, the maximal output of the stimulator (50 mA) was insufficient to evoke a supramaximal CMAP when pulse duration was less than 1 ms. Preliminary experiments revealed that MScan responses evoked by peroneal nerve stimulation at the ankle were uncomfortable; thus, stimulation at the fibular head was used for definitive MScan recordings.
Stimulation and recording were controlled by QTracS software (© Professor H. Bostock, Institute of Neurology, London). Pulses generated by computer were converted to current via a constant current stimulator (DS5, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK). EMG activity was amplified (x500) and bandpass filtered (10 Hz to 3 kHz) (Astro-Medical, model P511, West Warwick, Rhode Island). A noise eliminator (Hum Bug 50/60 Hz, Digitimer Ltd) removed line frequency noise. EMG was digitized at a sampling rate of 10 kHz with a 16-bit converter (NI-USB6221; National Instruments; Austin, Texas).
Stimulation and recording were controlled by QTracS software (© Professor H. Bostock, Institute of Neurology, London). Pulses generated by computer were converted to current via a constant current stimulator (DS5, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK). EMG activity was amplified (x500) and bandpass filtered (10 Hz to 3 kHz) (Astro-Medical, model P511, West Warwick, Rhode Island). A noise eliminator (Hum Bug 50/60 Hz, Digitimer Ltd) removed line frequency noise. EMG was digitized at a sampling rate of 10 kHz with a 16-bit converter (NI-USB6221; National Instruments; Austin, Texas).
8
Voltage-Clamp Recording of SF-iGluSnFR Neuron
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A putative pyramidal-like neuron expressing the SF-iGluSnFR probe that did not contain any other transfected cells in its vicinity was selected for imaging. A whole-cell voltage-clamp recording was established in the selected cell using a fire-polished borosilicate pipette (4-7 MΩ, Warner Instruments) and Axon Multiclamp 700B amplifier (Molecular Devices). The intracellular pipette solution contained (in mM): 105 K+ Gluconate, 30 KCl, 10 HEPES, 10 Phosphocreatine-Na2, 4 ATP-Mg, 0.3 GTP-NaH20, 1 EGTA (pH=7.3, balanced with KOH). The Multiclamp commander software was used to measure the series resistance (~20 MΩ), which was compensated at ~30%. Signal was acquired at 20 kHz (4-kHz Bessel-filtering) using a National Instrument board NI USB-6221 controlled with WinWCP software (created and provided by John Dempster, University of Strathclyde). A liquid junction potential of −10mV was subtracted from the measurements post hoc. The recorded neuron was held at −70 mV and action potentials were evoked using 5 ms voltage steps from −70 mV to −10mV, producing stereotypical ‘escape’ currents.
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