Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium F12 (DMEM F12), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin EDTA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), calcein-AM fluorescent dye, hoechst 33258 dye, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and MTT cell proliferation assay ((3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay) kit were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Deionized (DI) water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) from the Direct-Q water purification system was used to prepare all solutions.