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37 protocols using vs120 slide scanning microscope

1

Implant-Induced Glial Activation Mapping

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The implant surgery was similar to the one described during the analysis of c-fos induction but both implants were positioned at 0.8mm anterior and 2.0mm lateral to bregma . In addition, the TF was implanted at a depth of 4.0 mm and the FF at 3.5mm. Adult (C57BL/6NCrl) animals (P>60) were euthanized 48 hours post-surgery and perfused as described above. To compare the spatial distribution of microglia and astrocytes activated near the implant, we performed fluorescence immunohistochemistry (as described in Analysis of c-fos induction section) for GFAP (primary rabbit anti-GFAP, Dako Z0334, 1:1000 dilution; secondary 1:1000 goat anti rabbit 555 ) and CD68 (primary rat anti-CD68, Biorad MCA1957; 1:200 dilution; secondary 1:1000 goat anti rat 647) respectively. 6 coronal sections surrounding the implant were imaged with a VS120 Olympus slide-scanning microscope. Quantification of fluorescence intensity was performed in ImageJ (NIH). ROIs of striatum were determined based on the Allen Brain Atlas 2004. For each section, the total fluorescence intensity summed from the left and right hemispheres was normalized to one such that the fluorescence per hemisphere is expressed as a fraction of the total for that section. No comparisons were made between sections.
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2

Implant-Induced Glial Activation Mapping

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The implant surgery was similar to the one described during the analysis of c-fos induction but both implants were positioned at 0.8mm anterior and 2.0mm lateral to bregma . In addition, the TF was implanted at a depth of 4.0 mm and the FF at 3.5mm. Adult (C57BL/6NCrl) animals (P>60) were euthanized 48 hours post-surgery and perfused as described above. To compare the spatial distribution of microglia and astrocytes activated near the implant, we performed fluorescence immunohistochemistry (as described in Analysis of c-fos induction section) for GFAP (primary rabbit anti-GFAP, Dako Z0334, 1:1000 dilution; secondary 1:1000 goat anti rabbit 555 ) and CD68 (primary rat anti-CD68, Biorad MCA1957; 1:200 dilution; secondary 1:1000 goat anti rat 647) respectively. 6 coronal sections surrounding the implant were imaged with a VS120 Olympus slide-scanning microscope. Quantification of fluorescence intensity was performed in ImageJ (NIH). ROIs of striatum were determined based on the Allen Brain Atlas 2004. For each section, the total fluorescence intensity summed from the left and right hemispheres was normalized to one such that the fluorescence per hemisphere is expressed as a fraction of the total for that section. No comparisons were made between sections.
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3

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Glial Cells

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Mice with BTIM implantation were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brain was extracted and post-fixed for 1-5 days prior to sectioning. 60-μm-thick sections were collected and incubated with rabbit anti-GFAP (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), and rabbit anti-IBA1 (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), as described in previous studies46 ,47 (link). On the following day, tissues were rinsed three times with PBS, reacted with anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647 secondary antibody (1:500; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) for 2 h at RT, rinsed again for three times in PBS. Sections were mounted on Superfrost Plus slides (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), air dried, and cover slipped under glycerol:TBS (9:1) with Hoechst 33342 (2.5 μg/ml; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). Whole sections were imaged with an Olympus VS120 slide scanning microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Analysis was carried out in FIJI32 using autothresholding and area measurement. The same analysis parameters were applied across all regions of interest.
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4

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Glial Cells

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Mice with BTIM implantation were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane and transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brain was extracted and post-fixed for 1-5 days prior to sectioning. 60-μm-thick sections were collected and incubated with rabbit anti-GFAP (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), and rabbit anti-IBA1 (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), as described in previous studies46 ,47 (link). On the following day, tissues were rinsed three times with PBS, reacted with anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647 secondary antibody (1:500; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) for 2 h at RT, rinsed again for three times in PBS. Sections were mounted on Superfrost Plus slides (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), air dried, and cover slipped under glycerol:TBS (9:1) with Hoechst 33342 (2.5 μg/ml; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). Whole sections were imaged with an Olympus VS120 slide scanning microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Analysis was carried out in FIJI32 using autothresholding and area measurement. The same analysis parameters were applied across all regions of interest.
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5

Whole-Brain Tissue Imaging Workflow

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Complete tissue sections were scanned using a 10X objective lens on an Olympus VS120 slide scanning microscope. Each tracer was visualized using appropriately-matched fluorescent filters and whole tissue section images were stitched from tiled scanning into VSI image files. For online publication, raw images are corrected for correct left-right orientation and matched to the nearest Allen Reference Atlas level (ARA; (Dong, 2008 )). VSI image files are converted to TIFF file format and warped and registered to fit ARA atlas levels (all images shown in this manuscript are from unwarped, unregistered VSI images). Each color channel is brightness/contrast adjusted to maximize labeling visibility (Neurotrace 435/455 is converted to brightfield) and TIFF images are then converted to JPEG2000 file format for online publication in the Mouse Connectome Project iConnectome viewer (www.MouseConnectome.org).
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6

Microscopic Cell Imaging and Analysis

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Images were scanned using an Olympus VS-120 slide scanning microscope (Olympus, Japan) and images were captured at 20x magnification using an Hamamatsu ORCA-Flash4.0 digital camera (Iwata, Japan). Cells were counted using Cellsens dimension software version 2.2 (Olympus, Japan).
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7

Optimized Brightfield Whole-Slide Imaging

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All slides were imaged with a 20x objective on an Olympus VS120
slide-scanning microscope calibrated for brightfield slide-scanning. To image
through the entire section, we manually focused on the center of the tissue and
used an “Extended Focal Imaging algorithm” (EFI, Olympus) to image
11 planes 1.4 μm apart, for a total of 15 μm. We used the standard
calibrations and settings for the 20x EFI imaging mode, set by a certified
Olympus technician. Lamp intensity was 80%, and condenser diaphragm was 64%, and
we used the standard “Transmitted Light Exponential” algorithm for
EFI. The objective used was an UPLSAPO 20x air lens, with a numerical aperture
of 0.75. For all brightfield imaging, we used a VC50 16-bit camera (Olympus Soft
Imaging Solutions), which is a standard part of the VS120 system. Images were
directly exported for BoutonNet at full resolution without any
post-processing.
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8

Perfusion, Fixation, and Imaging of Mouse Brain

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Mice were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane and transcardially perfused with 5–10 ml chilled 0.1 M PBS, followed by 10–15 ml chilled 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS. Brains were dissected out and post-fixed overnight at 4°C, followed by incubation in a storing/cryoprotectant solution of 30% sucrose and 0.05% sodium azide in 0.1 M PBS for at least 1–2 days to equilibrate. Fifty micrometer coronal slices were prepared on a freezing microtome (Leica Biosystems, SM2010 R). Fifty micrometer thick free-floating tissue sections were rinsed 3 × 5 min with 0.1 M PBS containing 0.5% Triton X-100 (PBST) before counterstaining with Neurotrace 435 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA N21479) at a concentration of 1:100 in 0.1 M PBS with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Slices were rinsed 4 × 5 min with 0.1 M PBS before they were mounted on glass slides in VectaShield mounting media (Vector Labs, H-1000). Fluorescence images were taken on an Olympus VS120 slide scanning microscope with a 10× air objective.
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9

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Neuronal Markers

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Immunofluorescence was performed as described previously (96 (link)). Briefly, mice were terminally anesthetized with 7% choral hydrate (500 mg⋅kg−1; Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in saline and transcardially perfused with 0.1 M PBS followed by 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution (NBF) (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Brains were extracted and postfixed overnight at 4 °C in NBF, cryoprotected in 20% sucrose, and sectioned coronally at 30 µm on a freezing microtome (Leica Biosystems). The following primary antibodies were used overnight at room temperature: rabbit anti-HSD2 (H-145; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), 1:300; rat anti-mCherry (Life Technologies), 1:3,000. The following day, the sections were washed and incubated at room temperature in donkey Alexa Fluor fluorescent secondary antibody (Life Technologies; 1:1,000). Fluorescent images were captured using an Olympus VS120 slide-scanning microscope.
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10

Whole-Tissue Imaging and Stitching

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Complete tissue sections were scanned using a ×10 objective lens on an Olympus VS120 slide scanning microscope (RRID:SCR_018411). Each tracer was visualized using appropriately matched fluorescent filters and whole-tissue section images were stitched from tiled scanning into VSI image files. For online publication, raw images are corrected for correct left-right orientation and matched to the nearest Allen Reference Atlas level (ARA)22 .
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