Toledo ph meter

To explore the adaptability of the pleosporalean fungi to adverse environmental conditions, their growth rates under various conditions (temperatures, pH, salt and osmolyte concentrations) were examined. Colony diameter was used as parameter. Mycelial plugs (5.0 mm in diameter) cut from 7-day-old PDA colonies were transferred to fresh PDA plates.
To evaluate fungal growth responses to different levels of temperatures and pH, the inoculated PDA plates were incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, and 30°C in the dark for 7 days. Similarly, fungi were cultured on PDA with a wide range of pH gradients (ranging from 6 to 11). The pH values were measured with a Mettler Toledo pH meter. All plates were incubated at 25°C. The salt stress was induced by adding different concentrations of ionic osmolytes (NaCl and KCl), and the non-ionic osmotic stress was imposed by using sorbitol. First, the PDA medium was supplemented with salt (KCl and NaCl) at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% (w/v), respectively. In parallel, PDA medium with non-ionic osmotic treatment was prepared using sorbitol (0.2–2.0 M) (Nikolaou et al., 2009 (link)). All plates were incubated at 25°C. Three to five replicates were performed for each treatment. This experiment was terminated after 10 days. Colony diameters of these fungi were recorded. Values were means of replications and shown in Radar charts.

For plants: Vernier caliper and tape were used to measure the ground diameter and height of seedlings. Measuring the quantity and quality of root nodules. The leaf area was measured using a root scanner (10 upper, middle, and lower leaves of each pot were selected to measure the leaf area). Plants were sampled and dried, and the above-ground and underground biomass of the plants were measured, respectively.
For potted soils: The hydrolytic nitrogen of the soil was determined by the alkaline diffusion method. The effective phosphorus of the soil was determined using the acid soluble-molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method, and the pH was determined by a Mettler Toledo pH meter (water to soil ratio of 5:1).

In flow batteries, the permeability of charge-balancing ions across the membrane has a great influence on ohmic resistance of a battery. The device used for measuring the permeability of hydroxyl ion is similar to a previous report^{11 (link)}, except that the right cell was filled with deionized water and the concentration of hydroxyl ion was characterized by Mettler Toledo pH meter.