Spectrum 1000

FTIR analyses of PEIs and of B-BMSF@PEI samples before and after calcine were taken using a FTIR spectrometer (Spectrum 1000, Perkin Elmer, USA) at room temperature from the spectral region 400–4000 cm⁻¹. Samples were thoroughly dried, crushed, and mixed with KBr. A Tecnai G2-F30 TEM instrument (FEI, The Netherlands) was used for evaluation of the shape and detailed morphology of B-BMSF@PEI. A JSM-6510A scanning electronic microscope (SEM) instrument (JEOL, Japan) was also employed to study the morphology and size (calculated from 200 nanoparticles). Meanwhile, the size distribution of B-BMSF@PEI was also evaluated using a Zeta-Potential/Particle Sizer (3000 HAS, UK) and the value was the average of three consecutive measurements. The porous structure and texture properties of B-BMSF@PEI were characterized by N₂ desorption/adsorption tests using an adsorption analyzer (V-Sorb 2800P, Gold APP, China). Before analysis, sample was degassed at 120°C for 6 h. The specific surface area (S_BET) of the prepared sample was analyzed by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The pore size distribution (W_BJH) and pore volume (V_t) were derived from the adsorption branches of the isotherms using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.

The binding properties of ZnO nanoparticles using T. pratense extract were investigated by FTIR analysis. The characterization involved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the dried powder of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Perkin Elmer Spectrum 1000 spectrum in attenuated total reflection mode, and using the spectral range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ with the resolution of 4 cm⁻¹.

FTIR (Spectrum 1000, Perkin Elmer, USA) spectra of samples (APTES, MSN and CMSN) were recorded from 400–4000 cm⁻¹ to study the structural information. Meanwhile, the chirality features of MSN and CMSN were determined using MOS-500 CD apparatus (Bio-Logic, France). The morphology and detailed mesoscopic structure of MSN and CMSN were obtained by a TEM instrument (Tecnai G2-F30, FEI, the Netherlands) and an SEM instrument (JSM-6510A, JEOL, Japan). The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and the texture parameters including the specific surface area (S_BET), pore size distributions (W_BJH), and total pore volume (V_t) of samples were analyzed using a surface area and pore size analyzer (V-Sorb 2800P, Gold APP, China). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method was utilized to calculate the surface area, and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method was employed to evaluate the W_BJH of samples. The SAXD patterns were acquired from an X-ray diffractometer (EMPYREAN, PANalytical, the Netherlands) equipped with a Ni-filtered CuKa line. Data were collected from 0.7° to 10° (diffraction angle 2θ).

All commercial products and reagents
were used as purchased without further purification. Analytical thin-layer
chromatography (TLC) of all reactions was performed on silica gel
60 F254 TLC plates. Visualization of the developed chromatogram was
performed by UV absorbance (254 nm). Flash chromatography was carried
out on silica gel 60 Å (0.063–0.2 mm). FT-IR spectra were
recorded with a PerkinElmer Spectrum 1000; absorption values are given
in wavenumbers (cm^–1). ¹H (300 MHz), ¹³C (75 MHz), and NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker AV
300 spectrometer in CDCl₃ as the solvent and TMS as the
internal standard. ¹³C chemical shifts are reported in
parts per million relative to the central line of the triplet at 77.16
ppm for d-chloroform. Copies of ¹H and ¹³C NMR
spectra are provided in the Supporting Information. High-resolution
mass spectra were obtained using an Autoflex III system (Bruker) with
electron impact (EI) ionization methods.