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9 protocols using ab11959

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Proteins

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Protein was extracted from the platelets or brain homogenates using RIPA buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor and quantified using a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) (23,227, Thermo, USA) kit. Equal amounts of protein from each sample were separated using 8% SDS-PAGE, transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane, and incubated overnight with antibodies targeting p-RIP1 (Ser166, 1:1000, 53,286, CST, USA), RIP1 (1:1000, ab202985, Abcam, USA), p-RIP3 (Ser232, 1:1000, ab195117, Abcam, USA), RIP3 (1:1000, ab62344, Abcam, USA), p-AKT (Ser 473, 1:1000, 4060 T, CST, USA), AKT (1:1000, 4691S, CST, USA), Fosb ( 1:1000, ab11959, Abcam, USA), Jun (1:1000, ab40766, Abcam, USA), Jund (1:1000, ab181615, Abcam, USA), Fos (1:1000, ab222699, Abcam, USA), Junb (1:1000, 128,878, Abcam, USA), and β-actin (1:5000, A5441, Sigma) in Tris buffered saline containing 0.2% Tween-20 (TBST) and 5% nonfat dry milk at 4 °C. After washing with TBST, the membranes were incubated with 1 μg/ml goat anti-rabbit IRDye 800CW or goat anti-mouse IRDye 800CW (Licor Odyssey, USA). The positive bands were detected using the Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences, USA), and signal intensity was quantified using ImageJ software and normalized to that of β-actin.
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2

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Brain Slices

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Take out the dehydrated brain, cut it perpendicularly to the missing seam, place it on the stage, and embed it in OCT. Using a cryostat (Leica CM1950), put it in a microtome and quickly freeze it at −20°C for 20 min. Then transfer it to the slicing table, perform coronal sectioning with a thickness of 30 um, gently pick it out with a brush, and place it in a six-well plate of 0.1 M PBS. Three sets of brain slices were selected for each group, and rinsed for three times at room temperature with 0.1MPBS (pH 7.4) for 10 min each time. Then place the brain slices in the antibody diluent (3% BSA, 0.3% Triton X-100 PBS) that has been added to the primary antibody, and incubate at room temperature for 16 h on a shaker. Use the following primary antibodies: mouse anti c-fos (1:500; abcam, ab11959), rabbit anti CaMKII (1:200; abcam, ab5683). The brain slices were rinsed three times with 0.1MPBS at room temperature for 10 min each time, and then the brain slices were placed in the antibody diluent with the added secondary antibody, incubated for 4 h, and DAPI was added at 3.5 h. Use the following secondary antibodies: Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor® 488 (1:500; invitrogen, A-21206), Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L Alexa Fluor® 594 (1:500; invitrogen, A-21202), DAPI (1:1000; Sigma, D9542). Then the brain slices were rinsed for three times with 0.1MPBS for 10 min each time.
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3

Double-labeling Immunofluorescence Analysis

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Immunofluorescent histochemical procedure was applied to evaluate the double-labeling of FOS/CaMKII and FOS/GAD67 in the IC of sham and SNI mice as described in our previous study (Zhang et al., 2022 (link); Zhu et al., 2022 (link)). Briefly, mice were perfused with 0.1 mol/L PBS and 4% paraformaldehyde for fixation, and then serially cut into transverse slices with 30 μm thickness. All serial sections were then incubated with primary antisera (1:400, ab11959, Abcam, MA, United Kingdom) for 18–24 h at 4°C in 0.01 M PBS containing 1% (v/v) normal donkey serum, 0.3% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide, and 0.12% (w/v) carrageenan (pH 7.4). Then, the sections were incubated with Alexa 488 donkey anti-rabbit (1:500, A21206, Invitrogen)/Alexa 594 donkey anti-mouse (1:500, A21203, Invitrogen, CA), and Alexa 488 donkey anti-mouse (1:500, A21202, Invitrogen)/Alexa 594 donkey anti-rabbit (1:500, A21207, Invitrogen) for 6–8 h at 4°C. If necessary, the sections were incubated with tertiary antisera for 2–4 h in 0.01 m PBS with 0.3% (v/v) Triton X-100 at 4°C. After the immunofluorescence histochemical staining, the sections were observed and images were captured using VS200 microscope (VS200, Olympus, Japan). Digital images were captured using VS200 software (Olympus).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of DUSP1 and FOSB

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After dewaxing, the paraffin sections with a thickness of about 4 μm were placed in a sodium citrate solution with pH = 7.0 heated in a microwaves on high heat for antigen retrieval. A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution was then dropped on the sliced tissue to block endogenous peroxidase. We then performed primary antibody incubation (anti-DUSP1, Abcam, ab61201, 1:100 dilution; anti-FOSB, Abcam, ab11959, 1:100 dilution), HRP goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:200 dilution) incubation, and nucleus staining incubation. These were followed by DAB coloration, hematoxylin staining, and hydration, at which point we covered the slip with neutral resin and observed the final product under a microscope. We then used the Image J software to perform a semi-quantitative analysis.
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5

Activation of NTS Neurons Projecting to ACC in Chronic Pain

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To explore whether neurons in the NTS projecting to the ACC were activated by painful CP, double immunostaining of FG and FOS was performed in the NTS of CP rats 1 week after FG injection into the ACC. TNBS was administered 1 week before FG injection to establish the CP model. The preparation of brain sections was as previously described. After confirmation of the injection site in the ACC and virus-labeled cell bodies in the NTS, immunostaining was performed using the following antibodies and procedures: after blocking, the ACC sections were incubated in mouse anti-FOS (1:500; ab11959, Abcam) and guinea pig anti-FG (1:200, NM-101, ProtosBiotech, New York, NY, USA) overnight at 4 °C. The sections were then incubated with Alexa594-donkey anti-mouse (1:500; A21203, Invitrogen) or Alexa488-donkey anti-guinea pig (1:500; 706-545-148, Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, USA) for 4 h at 4 °C in darkness. The expression of FOS in FG-labeled neurons in the NTS was observed under the confocal microscope.
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6

Immunofluorescence Labeling of Rat LPB

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The third and fourth series of sections through the LPB were processed as the following procedure for FG/TMR/CGRP or FG/TMR/FOS. The sections of rats' LPB were incubated with a mixture of guinea pig anti‐FG (1:200, Protos Biotech), rabbit anti‐TMR (1:200, Invitrogen), and goat anti‐CGRP (1:200, b36001, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), or mouse anti‐FOS (1:500, ab11959, Abcam) overnight at room temperature. Then the sections were further incubated for 6 hr with Alexa 647‐conjugated goat anti‐guinea pig (1:500, A21450, Invitrogen), Alexa 594‐conjugated donkey anti‐rabbit (1:500, A21207, Invitrogen) and Alexa 488‐conjugated donkey anti‐goat (1:500, A11055, Invitrogen) or Alexa 488‐labeled donkey anti‐mouse (1:500; Invitrogen). The incubations for different steps were done in the same medium as abovementioned. Another set of sections was treated with the same procedures except that the primary antibodies were removed or replaced by normal serum, and the labeling results were negative.
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7

Dual Fluorescent Labeling of CaMKII/FOS and GAD67/FOS in Mouse ACC

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Immunofluorescent histochemical procedure was applied to evaluate the double-labeling of CaMKII/FOS and GAD67/FOS in the ACC of sham and SNI mice. Briefly, mice were perfused with 0.1 mol/L PBS and 4% paraformaldehyde for fixation, and then serially cut into transverse slices with 30 μm thickness. All serial sections were then incubated with primary antisera (1:400, ab11959, Abcam, MA, United Kingdom) for 18–24 h at 4 °C in 0.01 M PBS containing 1% (v/v) normal donkey serum, 0.3% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide, and 0.12% (w/v) carrageenan (pH 7.4). Then, the sections were incubated with Alexa 488 donkey anti-rabbit (1:500, A21206, Invitrogen)/Alexa 594 donkey anti-mouse (1:500, A21203, Invitrogen, CA), and Alexa 488 donkey anti-mouse (1:500, A21202, Invitrogen)/Alexa 594 donkey anti-rabbit (1:500, A21207, Invitrogen)) for 6–8 h at 4 °C. If necessary, the sections were incubated with tertiary antisera for 2–4 h in 0.01 m PBS with 0.3% (v/v) Triton X-100 at 4 °C. After the immunofluorescence histochemical staining, the sections were observed and images were captured using VS200 microscope (VS200, Olympus, Japan). Digital images were captured using VS200 software (Olympus). Image J (NIH Image) software was utilized to count the number of double labeled neurons using.
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8

Immunostaining Analysis of α2AAR in NAc

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Rosa26eGFP/L10a mice underwent stereotaxic surgery to infuse retrograde HSV-hEf1α-Cre into the NAc (see above). After waiting three weeks for full expression, mice were transcardially perfused with cold PBS, followed by 10% formalin. In other experiments, mice received ΔFosB overexpression (see above) and were sacrificed and perfused 4–8 weeks following surgery. Brains from all immunostaining experiments were postfixed 24 h in 10% formalin, cryopreserved in 30% sucrose, and sliced frozen on an SM2010R microtome (Leica) into 35-μm sections. Immunohistochemistry was performed using primary antibodies against FosB (ab11959; 1:1000; Abcam), GFP (ab5450; 1:1000; Abcam), and α2AAR (PA1-048; 1:1000; Invitrogen), and secondary antibodies (1:200; Jackson Immunoresearch) conjugated to fluorescent markers (AlexaFluor 488; Cy3; Cy5). Fluorescent images were visualized on an Olympus FluoView 1000 filter-based laser scanning confocal microscope. Intensity of α2AAR signal in individual cells was quantified using ImageJ software by an experimenter blinded to conditions.
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9

Antibodies for Transcription Factors

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Antibodies specific for c-Jun (5B1, ab119944), JunD (EPR6520, ab134067), JunB (EPR6518, ab128878), c-Fos (2G2, ab129361), FosB (83B1138, ab11959), Fra-1 (EP4711, ab124722), Fra-2 (EPR4713(2), ab124830), anti-mitochondria [MTCO2] (ab3298) and Histone H3 (1791, ab1791) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-Parkin (Prk8) (4211), -c-Fos (9F6, 2250) and -phosphorylated c-Jun (Ser63) II (9261) obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Hertfordshire, UK). Anti-β-actin (A5441) was obtained from Sigma. Horseradish-peroxidase anti-mouse (P0260) and anti-rabbit (P0448) secondary antibodies were supplied by Dako (Stockport, UK). Highly-cross adsorbed (H+L) Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse (A11029) and Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit (A11037) secondary antibodies from Molecular Probes, Invitrogen.
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