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Sodium borohydride

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Sodium borohydride is a reducing agent commonly used in organic synthesis and chemical analysis. It is a white, crystalline solid that reacts with water and alcohols to generate hydrogen gas. Sodium borohydride is often employed in the reduction of carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones, to alcohols. Its core function is to serve as a mild and selective reducing agent in various chemical reactions.

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9 protocols using sodium borohydride

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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All reagents were commercially available and used without further purification: dichloromethane (CH2Cl2, HPLC grade, ≥99.9%), methanol (MeOH, HPLC grade, ≥99.9%), n-hexane (n-Hex, HPLC grade, ≥98.0%) HAuCl4·4H2O (≥99.99%, metal basis), and cyclohexane-thiol (HSCy, ≥98%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥98%), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TOABr, ≥99%), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane (≥98%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. All glassware was thoroughly cleaned with aqua regia (HCl/HNO3 3/1 v/v), rinsed with copious amounts of pure water, and then dried in an oven before use.
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2

Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles

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Tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4⋅4H2O), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), silver nitrate (0.01 M), ascorbic acid (0.1 M), sodium borohydride (0.01 M), PdCl2, aqueous HCl solution (0.2 M), geniping, and gelatin were purchased from Macklin Co. (Shanghai, China).
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3

Nano-scale Magnetic Particles for BDE47 Removal

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Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O, AR), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, AR), NaPdCl4·3H2O (AR), and Brij 35 (nonionic surfactant, C12H25(OCH2CH2)23OH, AR) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical CO. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). BDE47 (99.5%) was obtained from Chem. Service Inc. (West Chester, USA). Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC, USP2910, 2% viscosity: 50 mPa·s) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Polyanionic cellulose (PAC, AR) was obtained from Rite Chemical CO. Ltd. (Foshan, China). Methanol was purchased from Merck Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). In this study, deoxygenated deionized water was used in all experiments.
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4

Synthesis of Antimony-Copper Nanocomposite

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Copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O, ACS), antimony trichloride (SbCl3, 99.9%), citric acid (H3Cit, 99.5%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, GR), antimony powder (Sb, 99%) and isopropanol (IPA, 99.5%) were purchased from Macklin. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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5

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Hybrid Frameworks

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Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, solid, AR), manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O, solid, AR), selenium (Se, solid, 99.9%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, solid, 98%), boric acid (H3BO3, solid, 99.5%), benzoyl chloride (C7H5ClO, liquid, 99%, AR), and potassium hydroxide (KOH, solid, 95%, AR) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd, China. Salicylic acid (C7H6O3, solid, 99%, AR) and p-phthalic acid (C8H6O4, solid, 99%, AR) were purchased from Aladdin. Formic acid (HCOOH, liquid, 98%, AR), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, C3H7NO, liquid, 99.9%, AR), and ethanol (C2H5OH, liquid, 99.5%, AR) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Beijing, China).
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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Gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, ≥99.9%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride solution (CTAC, 25 wt% in H2O), and L-ascorbic acid (AA, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium Oleate (NaOL, 98%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥99%), silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.99%), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl, 37 wt% in H2O), Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99%) and Chloroform (99%) were obtained from MACKLIN. Thiol-functionalized polystyrene (Mn = 50,000 g mol−1, Mw/Mn= 1.06) was obtained from Polymer Source Inc. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, Fraction V) was obtained from Solarbio. Quantifoil holey carbon films (400 mesh with 37 μm × 37 μm square holes) and Gilder Square Grids (2,000 mesh with 7.5 × 5 μm2 and 300 mesh with 54 × 54 μm2 square holes) were purchased from Zhongjingkeyi Technology Co., Ltd.
All chemicals were used as-received unless otherwise indicated. Demineralized water was used in all aqueous solutions, which were further purified with a Milli-Q system (Millipore). All glassware used in the following procedures were cleaned in a bath of freshly prepared aqua regia and were rinsed thoroughly in H2O prior to use.
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7

Multifunctional Selenium Nanoparticles Development

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Selenium powder (Se, ≥99.5%, WM = 78.96), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥99.0%, WM = 37.83), CuCl2·2H2O (≥99.0%, WM = 170.48), FeSO4·7H2O (≥99.0%, WM = 278.01), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilan (APTES, ≥98%, WM = 221.37), dimethylformamide (DMF), folic acid (FA, ≥98%, WM = 441.4), NH2-PEG-COOH (MW = 2000), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, ≥98%, MW = 191.7), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, ≥98%, WM = 115.09) and chloral hydrate were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640) medium, Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium (DMEM) high sugar medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Penicillin-streptomycin solution, trypsin digestion fluid and PBS buffer (pH 7.2–7.4) were purchased from Beyotime.
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8

Synthesis of Thiol-Capped Metal Nanoparticles

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In the experimental details, all reagents in addition to the thiol ligand were purchased and used without further purification. The reagents in the study including tetrachloroauric(iii) acid (HAuCl4·4H2O, ≥99.99% metals basis), cadmium chloride (CdCl2·2.5H2O, ≥98% metals basis), fenchone (C10H16O, ≥99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥98%), 1-adamantanethiol (HSAdm, ≥98%), and reduced glutathione (GSH, ≥98%) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Solvents including toluene, methanol, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane were HPLC grade and were purchased from Chron Chemicals Company Limited (Chengdu, China).
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9

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon Fiber Modification

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Carbon fiber (CF, 5 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm) was purchased from Beijing Jinglong Special Carbon Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) Palladium chloride (PdCl2), Vulcan XC-72, sodium carbonate solution (Na2CO3 0.5M, pH = 9.4), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium perisulfite (Na2S2O8), tetracycline, norfloxacin, tertbutyl alcohol (TBA), P-benzoquinone (PBQ), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) were analytical-grade purity, purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., and were used without further purification. Ultrapure water (Milli-Q ρ = 18.2 MΩcm/25 °C) was used throughout this study.
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