Visual stimuli consisted of a centrally presented horizontal bar (6 cm wide) which raised to varying heights on a computer monitor positioned 50 cm in front of the participant and represented different visual amplitudes. Vibrotactile stimuli consisted of discrete vibrations delivered by a custom-made vibrotactile device applied to the volar surface of the left index finger. Vibrotactile stimulation was controlled by converting digitally generated waveforms to an analog signal (DAQCard 6024E, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and then amplifying the signal (Bryston 2B-LP, Peterborough, ON, Canada) using a custom program written in LabVIEW (version 8.5, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA). Varying the amplitude of the driving voltage to the vibrotactile device produced proportional changes in vibration of the device on the finger. The amplitude of each discrete vibration was constant within a trial and varied randomly between trials. The average stimulus amplitude across all trials of a block did not differ between the experimental conditions. The frequency of the vibration was held constant at 25 Hz. Participants received 70 dB whitenoise (Stim2, Neuroscan, Compumedics, Charlotte, NC, USA) throughout the training session and the experiment to prevent auditory perception of the vibrotactile stimulus.
Labview version 8
Manufactured by National Instruments
Sourced in United States
LabVIEW (version 8.5) is a graphical programming environment used for creating applications that interact with real-world data or signals. It provides tools for designing control, test, and embedded systems. LabVIEW utilizes a dataflow programming model to enable users to create programs by connecting different function blocks together.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using labview version 8
1
Multimodal Sensory Integration Paradigm
2
Multimodal Biomechanical Assessment
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ISA has previously been reported and described [25 (link)]. The device has three components (Fig 1 ): (1) joint angle characteristics are measured using three inertial measurement units (IMUs: Analog Devices, ADIS16354) at a sample rate of 200 Hz; (2) reactive resistance is measured using a six degrees of freedom force/torque load-cell (ATI mini45: Industrial Automation) at a sample rate of 200 Hz; (3) sEMG activity of agonist and corresponding antagonist muscle is evaluated with a telemetric Zerowire system (Cometa, Milan, IT) at a sample rate of 2000 Hz. Labview (version 8.5, National Instruments) was used for data acquisition.
3
Muscle Fatigue Evaluation Protocol
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Muscle performance during the fatiguing protocol was evaluated by peak torque adjusted to body weight (peak torque(BW)), fatigue rate, and total work done. Fatigue rate, expressed as a percentage, was defined as the difference between the mean force production of the first 10 and last 10 contractions divided by the mean of the first 10 contractions. Total work, quantified as the area under the torque curve × angular displacement over the contraction period, was recorded and analyzed by the custom script software (LabView version 8.6, National Instruments Corporation, Austin) and data acquisition device (NI-USB6211, National Instruments Corporation, TX) at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz.
4
Auditory Stroop Test for Evaluating Executive Function
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The auditory Stroop test was designed to assess the executive function, including working memory, selective attention, and ability to inhibit automatic responses [19 (link), 20 ]. In this test, two pre-recorded words, “high” and “low,” were pronounced in two different pitches, high and low, to form four combinations. The subjects were instructed to ignore the meaning of the word and respond to its pitch as quickly and as accurately as possible. A two-button switch, with each button representing the high and low pitch respectively, was given to the subject to react to the auditory Stroop test. Stroke subjects held the switch with the less affected hand, while controls held it with the dominant hand (defined as the hand used for writing). Each combination of word and pitch was tested three times for each subject in a randomized sequence.
The reaction times and accuracy of the responses were recorded using custom-made software (LabVIEW version 8.6, National Instruments Corp., Austin, TX, USA). The reaction time was defined as the period from the start of the sound to the button press. The average reaction time of the 12 trials was calculated for data analysis. The accuracy was calculated by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of trials.
The reaction times and accuracy of the responses were recorded using custom-made software (LabVIEW version 8.6, National Instruments Corp., Austin, TX, USA). The reaction time was defined as the period from the start of the sound to the button press. The average reaction time of the 12 trials was calculated for data analysis. The accuracy was calculated by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of trials.
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