Alamethicin

Bilirubin (99.3%), Trizma base, and alamethicin were obtained from J&K Scientific (Beijing, China). Uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone, and MgCl₂ were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Beijing, China). Pooled male Sprague–Dawley RLM (452501) were obtained from BD Gentest (Shanghai, China). Emodin (99.3%), physcion (99.2%), and rhein (99.8%) were purchased from the National Institute for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Emodin-8-O-glc (98.0%), citreorosein (98.0%), trans-emodin dianthrones (98.0%), and cis-emodin dianthrones (98.0%) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. (Shanghai, China). Polygonumnolides C2, C3, and C4 and the P. multiflorum extract were gifts from Dr. Yang (Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College). Polygonumnolides C2, C3, and C4 were isolated and characterized by Dr. Yang and colleagues^{20 (link)}. All other chemicals used in the glucuronidation incubations and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) solvents were of high-performance LC grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Beijing, China).

Estrone(E1), 17β-estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), 2-hydroxyestrone(2-OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol(2-OHE2), 2-methoxyestrone(2-MeOE1), 2-methoxyestradiol(2-MeOE2), 4-hydroxyestrone(4-OHE1), 4-hydroxyestradiol(4-OHE2), 4-methoxyestrone(4-MeOE1), 4-methoxyestradiol(4-MeOE2), 16α-hydroxyestrone(16α-OHE1), d5-E2, dansyl chloride, Vitamin C, naloxone, naloxone-glucuronide, D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate and UGPGA were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) and Steraloids (Rhode, USA).
Tamoxifen was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Alamethicin was obtained from J&K Scientific. TRIzol® and PrimeScript RT Reagent Kit were purchased from TaKaRa Bio-technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Human liver microsomes (HLMs) were acquired from Rild Liver Disease Research Co., Ltd (Shanghai). All analytical solvents were of liquid chromatography (LC) - grade and were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) or Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt (UDPGA Na), Tris buffer (PH = 7.5) and human liver microsomes (HLM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). AZT, FCZ, azidothymidine-glucuronide (AZTG), PBS buffer and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Melone Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Alamethicin, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and magnesium chloride were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Perchloric acid (HCLO₄) was purchased from the hazardous compound platform of Fudan University. Distilled and deionized water was purified from Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Molsheim, France). Other reagents were of analytical grade.