Data with normal distribution and nonnormal distribution were summarized as mean ± SD and median and range, respectively. Categorical variables were presented as percentage. For multiple comparisons, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis by Dunnett t was used followed by the least significance difference test. Pearson's correlation and Chi square tests were used to compare frequency variables and correlation among different variables. Multivariate model using a stepwise regression analysis was performed to correct for confounders. A backward stepwise elimination process was used to remove any other covariates. All statistical evaluations were performed using the SPSS Program, version 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Spss program version 12
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS program version 12.0 is a statistical software package designed for data analysis. It provides a range of tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is widely used in various industries and academic settings for tasks such as data exploration, hypothesis testing, and predictive modeling.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using spss program version 12
1
Statistical Analysis of Biological Data
2
Analyzing Insect Conidia Production
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In all the experiments including the conidia production assay and the percentages of live insect (No. of live insects/No. of infested insects) were arc-sine transformed to produce normally distributed data. These data were analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM). The overall analyses were followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test for multiple comparisons. All the analyses were conducted using the SPSS program version 12.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at the 0.05 (α) level of significance.
3
Reproducibility of Muscle Activity Analysis
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Statistical analysis involved the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables. RMS data were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD) values. Same-day reproducibility of the EMG values for each muscle and group (WG, MG and MSG) was estimated through test-retest reliability analyses, considering three tests per subject. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) greater than 0.8 indicate excellent reproducibility, values between 0.6 and 0.8 denote good reproducibility and values below 0.6 reflect poor reproducibility [30 (link)]. Depending on the distribution of the data (normal or non-normal), either one-way analysis of variance with Dunn’s post hoc test or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used to examine differences among groups (WG, MG and MSG). Spearman’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for the determination of correlations between the number of occlusal contacts and RMS values. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare pain between the MG and MSG based on the Helkimo questionnaire. The level of significance of each comparison was set to 5% (p < 0.05). All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS program, version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
4
ABCB1 and CYP3A5 Influence on Phase II Cancer Trial
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This is a project of a phase II trial. The primary endpoint in this study was pCR. Secondary end points included rate of breast conserving operation, toxicity, relapse-free survival, overall survival and predictive/prognostic factors. The association between the allelic frequency of ABCB1 and clinical outcomes was assessed by the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. The RFS and OS were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the difference in survival was compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression model was used to compare the clinical outcomes among the genotypes of the ABCB1 gene and CYP3A5. The crude hazard ratio (HR) of clinical events and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. For genotype-pharmacokinetic study, Mann–Whitney test or Kruskal–Wallis test was done to compare the AUCs between post-concentration (just after infusion) and 24 h-concentration after infusion in the plasma concentrations according to the genotypes. Odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used to show the relationship of the toxicities and covariates including the ABCB1 gene. SPSS program (version 12.0, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all analyses, and two-sided P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
5
Comparative Analysis of Cell Responses
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All of the results were shown as Mean±SD, and statistical analysis were performed by Student’s t-test using the SPSS program (version 12.0) (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P<0.05 was defined to be statistically significant (*, P<0.05, **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001).
6
Randomized Design for Statistical Analysis
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A complete randomized design was utilized with four replicates. Differences were considered significant if P-values were under 0.05, and means were compared by Tukey’s test using SPSS program version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
7
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Findings
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All results were tested using ANOVA. The differences between the means at a 5% significance level (p ≤ 0.05) were determined using Duncan’s multiple range test. All of the statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program, version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
8
Lidocaine Neuroprotection Against Cadmium Toxicity
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Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. All statistical analyses were done with SPSS program version 12.0, Origin 8.1 version software (SPSS, Inc Chicago, IL, USA. Values of p < 0.005, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant, as appropriate. Different concentrations of lidocaine (1, 10, 20 and 30 µM) were used to pre-treat differentiated N2a cells prior to exposure to cadmium (10 µM) for 24 h. Lidocaine significantly attenuated cadmium toxicity-induced cell death, with 30 µM lidocaine producing the highest neuroprotective effects in Trypan blue and MTT assays (82 ± 2 % and 92 ± 3 %, respectively) (Figures 1A &1B). Attenuation of cell death by various concentrations of lidocaine as determined in Trypan blue and MTT assays were 69 ± 2 and 66 ± 4 % for 1 µM, 76 ± 1 and 71.2 ± 5 % for 10 µM, 81 ± 4 and 76 ± 3 % for 20 µM, and 92 ± 3 and 84 ± 2 % for 30 µM respectively. Moreover, there was no significant change in cell viability with increasing concentrations of lidocaine beyond 30 µM (data not shown). Therefore, these results clearly indicate that lidocaine protected N2a cells against cadmium toxicity.
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