N dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dcc

1-Propanethiol (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99%), carbon disulfide (Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA, 99%), potassium ferricyanide (K₃Fe(CN)₆, Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99%), 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA, Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA, 98%), 2,2′-Dithiodipyridine (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 98%), 2-Mercaptoethanol (Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA, 99%). N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA, 99%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP, Sigma, LA, USA, 99%), Tris(2,2-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 98%), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm, Sigma, LA, USA, 98%) were recrystallized twice in hexane and toluene prior to use. 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (Sigma, LA, USA, ≥98%), ALP and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) (Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA), PEG-bis (N-succinimidyl succinate) (Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA), Chloroauricacid (HAuCl₄·H₂O, Energy Chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), sodiumhydroxide (NaOH, Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA) were purchased from Guangfu Technology Development Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China). Albumin from bovine serum (BSA, isoelectric point = 4.6) (Sigma, Metairie, LA, USA, ≥98%) were used as received without further purification.