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5 protocols using disulfiram

1

Screening Potential SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors

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We purchased
HEK293T/17 cells from ATCC; DMEM with high glucose
with GlutaMAX supplement, fetal bovine serum, 0.25% trypsin-EDTA,
phenol red, puromycin, Lipofectamine 3000, and dimethyl sulfoxide
from Thermo Fisher Scientific; linear polyethylenimine MW 25000 from
Polysciences; RealTime-Glo annexin V apoptosis and a necrosis assay
kit from Promega; an EndoFree plasmid DNA midi kit from Omega Biotek;
antimycin a from Sigma-Aldrich; GC376 from Selleck Chem; boceprevir,
calpeptin, MG-132, telaprevir, and carmofur from MedChemExpress; ebselen
from TCI; calpain inhibitors II and XII from Santa Cruz Biotechnology;
MG-115 From Abcam; tideglusib, disulfiram, and PX-12 from Cayman Chemical;
chloroquine diphosphate from Alfa Aesar; hydroxychloroquine sulfate
from Acros Organics; and a fluorogenic MPro substrate DABCYL-Lys-Thr-Ser-Ala-Val-Leu-Gln-Ser-Gly-Phe-Arg-Lys-Met-Glu-EDANS
termed as Sub3 from Bachem. K777 was a gift from Prof. Thomas Meek
at Texas A&M University. The syntheses of MPI1–9 and 11a
were shown in a previous publication.15 (link)
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2

Cell Culture Conditions for Breast Cancer

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MCF7 (from ATCC) and previously established neuT and neuTemt cells [32 (link)] were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin. MCF10DCIS.com cells (obtained from Asterand) and DCIS-Snai1-ER cells [33 (link)] were maintained in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 5% horse serum. Glucose-, pyruvate- and glutamine-free DMEM was obtained from Gibco (catalog A14430). Glucose and glutamine were added to reconstitute low-glucose media. Metformin, phenformin, 2DG, BAY-876, disulfiram, ferrostatin, and necrostatin were purchased form Cayman Chemical.
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3

Quantification of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine

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Triapine was obtained from Selleckchem (Houston, TX), tenofovir was generously donated by Dr. Lisa Rohan (University of Pittsburgh). Methimazole, N-benzyl imidazole, chlorogyline, deprenyl hydrochloride, (+) raloxifene hydrochloride, carnitine acetyltransferase, acetyl DL-carnitine, acetyl coA, triethanolamine and allopurinol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Human liver microsomes, human liver mitochondria, and human liver cytosol with high aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity were obtained from Xenotech (Kansas City, KS). human liver cytosol was obtained from Corning (Corning, NY). Plated primary human hepatocytes were obtained from the Department of Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. (Suppl.Table 1). Furafylline, phenyl piperidinyl propane, montelukast, sulfaphenazone, tranylcypromine hydrochloride, emtricitabine, disulfiram, and 4-methyl pyrazole were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). [2H6]-tenofovir and [2H3, 15N]-emtricitabine were purchased from Alsachim (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). 3-Benzyl nirvanol was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Quinidine was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA). All samples generated were stored at −20 °C or lower until further analysis.
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Drug Library Screening for Compounds

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We used the Prestwick drug library of FDA-approved compounds, consisting of 1200 compounds from Prestwick (Illkirch, Alsace, France), for drug screening. The following compounds of Disulfiram, Auranofin, Thiostrepton, Thimerosal, Halofantrine, Vorinostat, CDDO-me, RTA-408, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Hydrogen Peroxide was obtained from MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA).
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5

Characterization of Drug Resistance Pathways

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Cisplatin [cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride], was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in DMSO. Disulfiram was obtained from Cayman Chemical and dissolved in DMSO. Aliquots were stored at −20 °C for up to a maximum of three months and thawed immediately before use. WST-1 [2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] was purchased from ScienCell (Research Lab., Carlsbad, CA, USA) freshly made, #8038; RIPA lysis buffer was purchased from VWR Chemicals, #N653-100 mL; protease inhibitor was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), #PIER87785; BCA purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, #PIER23225. Primary antibodies: E cadherin #3195P cell signaling, N cadherin #13116P cell signaling, ABCC1 #VMA00330 BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA), ABCC4 #PA5-18315 Thermo Fisher Scientific, ABCG2 #BRB155559 Biorbyt (Cambridge, UK), GAPDH #sc-32233 Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), α-Tubulin #NB100-690H Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA), ALDH3A1 #PA5-80332 Thermo Fisher Scientific, ALDH7A1 #MA5-29028 Thermo Fisher Scientific. Secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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