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Carbamylcholine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Sourced in Brazil, United States

Carbamylcholine hydrochloride is a laboratory chemical compound used in research applications. It functions as a cholinergic agonist, mimicking the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The compound is commonly used in various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies.

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Lab products found in correlation

Perchloric acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Tetramethoxypropane, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Formaldehyde, by Vetec (3 mentions) Glucose c6h12o6, by Dinâmica (3 mentions) Mayer s hematoxylin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Vetec (2 mentions) Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, by Vetec (2 mentions) Calcium chloride bihydrate, by Vetec (2 mentions) Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glucose, by Vetec (2 mentions) Sodium bicarbonate nahco3, by Dinâmica (2 mentions) Nifedipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mayer s haematoxylin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Moderna (1 mentions) Glucose c6h12o6, by Vetec (1 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Moderna (1 mentions) Pyrilamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cremophor, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Histamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) S bay k8644, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

7 protocols using carbamylcholine hydrochloride

1

Reagents and Solutions for Physiological Studies

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Potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), and formaldehyde were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda. (João Pessoa, Brazil). Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and glucose (C6H12O6) were purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil). Sodium monobasic phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Nuclear (Brazil). These substances, except glucose, NaCl, and NaHCO3, were diluted in distilled water to obtain each solution, which were maintained under refrigeration.
Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh) was purchased from Merck (USA). Cremophor®, thiobarbituric acid, tetramethoxypropane, perchloric acid, Mayer's hematoxylin, and eosin were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). All substances were diluted in distilled water as needed for each experimental protocol. The carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Brazil).
Diniz A.F., de Oliveira Claudino B.F., Duvirgens M.V., da Silva Souza P.P., Ferreira P.B., Júnior F.F., Alves A.F, & da Silva B.A. (2021). Spirulina platensis Consumption Prevents Obesity and Improves the Deleterious Effects on Intestinal Reactivity in Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Diet. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 3260789.
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2

Intestinal Smooth Muscle Pharmacology

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Calcium chloride bihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2.6H2O) and glucose (C6H12O6) were purchased from Vetec. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was purchased from Fmaia. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Química Moderna. Monopotassium phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Nuclear. Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh) was purchased from Merck. Formaldehyde was purchased from Vetec. Thiobarbituric acid, tetramethoxypropane, perchloric acid, Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin were purchased from Sigma. Carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Brazil).
The CCh was used to mimic the cholinergic stimulation that happens on the intestinal smooth muscle promoted by the myenteric plexus [23 (link),24 (link)]. The KCl was employed to simulate the pacemaker of interstitial cells of Cajal located at the boundaries and in the substance of the inner, circular muscle layer, from which they spread to the outer, longitudinal muscle layer [25 ,26 (link)].
da Cunha Araujo L.C., de Souza I.L., Vasconcelos L.H., de Freitas Brito A., Queiroga F.R., Silva A.S., da Silva P.M., de Andrade Cavalcante F, & da Silva B.A. (2015). Chronic aerobic swimming exercise promotes functional and morphological changes in rat ileum. Bioscience Reports, 35(5), e00259.
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3

Preparation of Physiological Solutions

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Potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), and formaldehyde were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda. (Brazil). Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and glucose (C6H12O6) were purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil). Sodium monobasic phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Nuclear (Brazil). These substances, except glucose, NaCl, and NaHCO3, were diluted in distilled water to obtain each solution, which was maintained under refrigeration.
Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh) was purchased from Merck (USA). Cremophor®, thiobarbituric acid, tetramethoxypropane, perchloric acid, Mayer's hematoxylin, and eosin were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). All substances were diluted in distilled water as needed for each experimental protocol. The carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Brazil).
de Souza I.L., Ferreira E.D., Diniz A.F., Carvalho M.T., Queiroga F.R., Toscano L.T., Silva A.S., da Silva P.M., Cavalcante F.D, & da Silva B.A. (2018). Effects of Redox Disturbances on Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rats Fed with a Hypercaloric Diet. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 6364821.
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4

Tyrode's Solution Preparation Protocol

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Calcium chloride bihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O), and glucose (C6H12O6) were purchased from Vetec (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was purchased from Fmaia (Belo Horizonte, Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Química Moderna (São Paulo, Brazil). Monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Nuclear (Brazil). These substances were employed in the physiological Tyrode solution for functional experiments. Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Thiobarbituric acid, tetramethoxypropane and perchloric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Danbury, CT, USA).
Araujo L.C., Brito A.F., Souza I.L., Ferreira P.B., Vasconcelos L.H., Silva A.S, & Silva B.A. (2020). Spirulina Platensis Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum. Marine Drugs, 18(2), 89.
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5

Pharmacological Evaluation of Compound Mixture

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Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), glucose, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda. (Brazil). Atropine (99%), (S-(−)-Bay K8644), chloride verapamil, pyrilamine, carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh), Cremophor®, and histamine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). Carboxymethylcellulose was obtained from Formula (Brazil). Castor oil was obtained from Farmax (Brazil). Loperamide (99%) was obtained from Janssen Cilag Farmacêutica Ltd. (Brazil) and activated charcoal was obtained from Proquímicos (Brazil). All substances were diluted in distilled water, and the extract was solubilized in Cremophor® (3%), whose concentration never exceeded 0.01% (v/v). At this concentration, this chemical is devoid of contractile or relaxant effects on the studied organ, according to previous obtained data (data not shown).
Pereira J.C., Figueiredo I.A., de Oliveira F.R., Ferreira S.R., Aires Moreno G.T., da Silva T.M., Pinheiro U.D., Santos B.V., da Silva B.A, & Cavalcante F.D. (2020). Oceanapia magna Sponge Presents Dual Effect on the Gastrointestinal Motility of Rodents: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 572574.
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6

Reagents for Pharmacological Investigations

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Sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), glucose, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) and dibasic sodium phosphate NaH2PO4 were obtained from Êxodo Científica (Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil). Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh), aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3], ovalbumin (OVA) (grade II and V), nifedipine, aminophylline and dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil). Arachidonic acid (AA) and isoprenaline were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). Dexamethasone disodium phosphate injection was purchased from Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos (Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil).
Absolute alcohol was purchased from Neon (Suzano, São Paulo, Brazil), and xylol and paraffin were purchased from Dinâmica Química Contemporânea LTDA (Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil). Formaldehyde, hematoxylin, eosin and Masson's trichrome were obtained from different brands.
Ferreira S.R., Pessoa R.F., Figueiredo I.A., Lima J.P., de Moura T.M., Bezerra C.O., de Oliveira Martins A.M., de Carvalho L.M., Madruga M.S., Cavalcante H.C., de Souza Aquino J., de Brito Alves J.L., Alves A.F., Vasconcelos L.H, & de Andrade Cavalcante F. (2022). Functional and morphologic dysfunctions in the airways of rats submitted to an experimental model of obesity-exacerbated asthma. Scientific Reports, 12, 9540.
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7

Pharmacological Agents for Experimental Studies

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Calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Vetec Química Fina Ltda. (Brazil). Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and glucose (C6H12O6) were purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil). Potassium monobasic phosphate (KH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Nuclear (Brazil). These substances, except glucose, NaHCO3, and NaCl, were diluted in distilled water to obtain each solution, which were maintained under refrigeration.
Catalase was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Brazil), and saline (0.9% NaCl) was purchased from Fresenius Kabi LTDA (Brazil). Carbamylcholine hydrochloride (CCh), histamine dihydrochloride, iberiotoxin (IbTX), isoproterenol, Cremophor®, tetramethoxypropane, perchloric acid, Mayer's hematoxylin, eosin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), apocynin, arachidonic acid (AA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formaldehyde, nifedipine, ovalbumin (OVA) (grade V), and tempol were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). All substances were diluted in distilled water as needed for each experimental protocol. The carbogen mixture (95% O2 and 5% CO2) was obtained from White Martins (Brazil).
Vasconcelos L.H., Silva M.D., Costa A.C., de Oliveira G.A., de Souza I.L., Righetti R.F., Queiroga F.R., Cardoso G.A., Silva A.S., da Silva P.M., Vieira G.C., Tibério I.D., Madruga M.S., Cavalcante F.D, & da Silva B.A. (2020). Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation Prevents Airway Hyperreactivity of Guinea Pigs with Chronic Allergic Lung Inflammation by Antioxidant Mechanism. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 5148503.
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