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6 protocols using trfk5

1

Inhibition of IL-5 and CTSL in Mice

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In mice, the inhibition of IL-5 was accomplished by administering an intravenous injection of an anti-IL-5 antibody (TRFK5; BD Pharmingen) or an isotype-matched control antibody (R3-34; BD Pharmingen) at a dose of 200 g/mouse, 24 h before PPE challenge. For CTSL inhibition, mice were pre-treated with 500 μg of CTSL inhibitor (SID 26681509, quarterhydrate) or a vehicle control, 12 h before PPE instillation. On the 3rd day after the final PPE challenge, the mice were euthanized, and samples were collected for subsequent analysis.
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2

Multiparametric Immune Cell Profiling

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Cells were incubated with anti-CD16/32 antibody (93; BioLegend) prior to antibody staining in order to prevent unspecific binding. LIVE/DEAD Fixable Staining Kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used to exclude dead cells. For cell surface analysis, cells were stained with the following antibodies: anti-TCRβ (PE-Cy7/PE; H57–597), anti-KLRG1 (PE/BV605; 2F1/KLRG1), anti-CD25 (PE/PE-Cy7; PC-61), anti-CD86 (APC-Cy7; PO3.1), anti-MHCII (FITC; M5/114.15.2; all BioLegend) and anti-CD80 (PE; 16-10A1; ThermoFisher Scientific). For intracellular and intranuclear staining, cells were re-stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (20 ng/ml) and ionomycin (1 µg/ml) for 6 hours with the addition of brefeldin A (1 µg/ml; all Sigma Aldrich) and monensin (2 µM; BioLegend) after 60 min. After surface and Live/Dead staining, cells were fixed using the Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience) and incubated in Permeabilization buffer with antibodies specific to IL-2 (PE; JES6-5H4), IL-4 (PerCP-Cy5.5; 11B11), IL-6 (PE; MPS-20F3), TNFα (PE/FITC; MP6-XT22), IFNγ (APC; XMG1.2), GATA3 (FITC; 16E10A23; all BioLegend), IL-5 (PE; TRFK5; BD Pharmingen), and IL-13 (Alexa Flour 488; eBio13A; ThermoFisher Scientific). Data were acquired using a BD LSRFortessa II (BD 172 Biosciences) and analyzed by FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR, USA).
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3

Maternal IL-5 Neutralization during Pregnancy

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ACLP+/− pregnant females were injected intravenously with a neutralizing antibody against IL-5, (TRFK5; BD Pharmingen) or an isotype control (R3-34; BD Pharmingen) for five consecutive days, using a dose of 100 μγ on E13.5-E14.5 and 150 μγ on E15.5-E17.5. The amount of antibody was calculated to achieve a fetal dose of 10mg/kg (the same dose that is typically used in an adult mouse (13 (link))) and an estimated maternal-fetal transmission of 2-3% (14 (link)). Fetal intestines and liver were analyzed on E18.5. In the case of fetal intervention, fetuses were injected with the same antibodies on E13.5 using a fetal intrahepatic injection as previously described (15 -17 (link)). Briefly, mothers were anesthetized and the uterus was exposed by performing a laparotomy. The fetuses were injected individually, through the translucent intact uterus, with the neutralizing antibody; controls were injected with the isotype control antibody or PBS in a volume of 5 μl, using pulled glass micropipettes. The laparotomy was closed in layers and the fetuses were analyzed on E18.5.
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4

Cytokine and Chemokine Measurement by ELISA

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Culture supernatant cytokines (mouse IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ) were measured by two-site sandwich ELISA. The Abs for coating the plates and the biotinylated secondary mAbs were as follows: for IL-4, rat mAb anti-mouse IL-4 (BVD4-1D11, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA) and biotinylated mAb anti-mouse IL-4 (BVD6-24G2, BD Biosciences); for IL-5, rat mAb anti-mouse/human IL-5 (TRFK5, BD Biosciences) and biotinylated mAb anti-mouse IL-5 (TRFK4, BD Biosciences); for IFN-γ, polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse IFN-γ Ab (prepared in our laboratory) and biotinylated rat mAb anti-mouse IFN-γ (XMG1.2, BD Pharmingen). HRPO-conjugated Streptavidin was purchased from Zymed (San Francisco, CA). Levels of human TNF-α were determined by an ELISA system that was developed in our laboratory. Levels of human IL-10 were determined with human IL-10 ELISA Ready-SET-Go kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Eotaxin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) were measured with human CCL11/Eotaxin DuoSet ELISA Development Systems (R&D Systems, DY320) and human CCL17/TARC DuoSet ELISA Development Systems (R&D Systems, DY364), respectively.
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5

Intracellular Cytokine Staining for ILCs

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For intracellular cytokines staining of ILCs, single-cell suspensions from lung were incubated at 37°C with Brefeldin A in association or not with PMA (50 ng/ml, Sigma)/Ionomycine (500 ng/ml, Sigma) or 50 ng/ml of IL-12 and IL-18 for 4 hours before being surface stained, fixed and permeabilized (Foxp3 staining kit, eBiosciences). mAbs for cytokines staining included IFN-γ (XMG1.2, Biolegend), IL-17A (TC11-18H10, BD Biosciences), IL-5 (TRFK5, BD Biosciences), and IL-13 (eBio13A, eBiosciences). To block glycolysis during ex vivo stimulation, cells were incubated in the presence of 10mM 2-DG (Sigma).
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6

Intracellular Cytokine Staining of ILCs

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For intracellular cytokines staining of ILCs, single-cell suspensions from lung were incubated at 37°C with Brefeldin A in association or not with PMA (50 ng/ml, Sigma)/Ionomycine (500 ng/ml, Sigma) or 50 ng/ml of IL-12 and IL-18 for 4 hours before being surface stained, fixed and permeabilized (Foxp3 staining kit, eBiosciences). mAbs for cytokines staining included IFN-g (XMG1.2, Biolegend), IL-17A (TC11-18H10, BD Biosciences), IL-5 (TRFK5, BD Biosciences), and IL-13 (eBio13A, eBiosciences) For HIF1a staining of ILCs, single-cell suspensions from lung were incubated at 37°C with DMOG (500µM) for 3 hours before being surface stained, fixed and permeabilized (Foxp3 staining kit, eBiosciences). In order to block glycolysis during ex vivo stimulation, cells were incubated in the presence of 10mM 2-DG (Sigma). Mtb was inactivated by incubation in PFA 4% for 2 hours at room temperature.
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