For overexpression lentiviral vectors constructed, PPARGC1A coding sequence was amplified and then cloned into the pLVX-mCMV-ZsGreen-IRES-Puro vector (Addgene, Cambridge, MA, USA) between the SpeI and NotI sites. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against PPARGC1A were designed and then subcloned into the pLVX-shRNA2-Puro vector (Addgene, Cambridge, MA, USA) between the BamHI and EcoRI sites.
For pmirGLO dual-luciferase miRNA target reporter vectors constructed, the segment sequence of the PPARGC1A 3′ UTR that contained the putative miR-193b-3p binding sequence was amplified and then cloned into the pmirGLO dual-luciferase reporter vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) between the NheI and XhoI sites. Mutant plasmids were generated by changing the binding site of miR-193b-3p from GGCCAGT to TTAAGAC.
MiR-193b-3p mimic, mimic NC, miR-193b-3p inhibitor, and inhibitor NC were designed and synthesized by Guangzhou RiboBio (Guangzhou, China).
The primers and oligonucleotide sequences used in this study are listed in