Recombinant mouse tnf α

Chemicals Recombinant mouse IL-1β, hexadimethrine bromide, collagenase and Histopaque 1119 and 1077 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant mouse TNF-α was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA), and recombinant mouse IFN-γ from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Hoechst dye 33342 was from Invitrogen (Basel, Switzerland).
Isolation, culture and dissociation of primary islet cells Mouse pancreatic islets were isolated from female NOD mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA), male NOD severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (Janvier Labs, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France) and C57BL/6 mice (13-14 weeks old; Charles River Laboratories, L'Arbresle, France). All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines and protocols were approved by the Swiss research council and veterinary offices. Mice islets were isolated by collagenase digestion [23] of the pancreas followed by Histopaque density gradient separation. Details about islet handling are provided in electronic supplementary material (ESM) Methods.