Rats were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of Zoletil (zolazepam and tiletamine) 50 mg/kg combined with xylazine 3 mg/kg, and the rats were ventilated with air via a tracheotomy by Harvard Rodent Ventilator Model 683 (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA) (Pongkan et al. 2015) (link). Lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) (PowerLab 4/25 T, AD Instrument) was recorded throughout the 231:1 study. The right carotid artery was cannulated with a pressure-volume (P-V) conductance catheter. The heart was exposed as described by previous study (Chinda et al. 2014) (link). Ischemia was confirmed by an ST elevation on the ECG and regional pallor of myocardial tissues of the ischemic area. I/R injury was instigated by 30-min ischemia, followed by 120-min reperfusion.
Harvard rodent ventilator model 683
Manufactured by Harvard Apparatus
Sourced in United States
The Harvard Rodent Ventilator Model 683 is a laboratory instrument designed to provide controlled ventilation for small animal research. The device is capable of regulating the volume and frequency of air or gas delivery to the animal subject.
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4 protocols using harvard rodent ventilator model 683
1
Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
2
Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Model
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The rats were anesthetized by intramuscular injection with Zoletil (50 mg/kg, Vibbac Laboratories, Carros, France) and Xylazine (0.15 mg/kg, Laboratories Carlier, SA, Barcelona, Spain) and were ventilated with room air via tracheostomy with a ventilator (Harvard rodent ventilator model 683, Harvard apparatus, MA, USA). Lead II ECG was recorded. After the heart was exposed, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min. Myocardial ischemia was indicated by the presence of ST elevation on ECG. Cardiac ischemia was followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The time to 1st VT/VF onset and the mortality rate were recorded. Arrhythmia score was evaluated (Sivasinprasasn et al. 2017) .
3
Comprehensive Left Ventricular Function Analysis
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Left ventricular P-V loop analysis was carried out to assess left ventricular function using a pressure-volume conductance catheter system [39 (link), 51 (link)]. Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injections of Zolitil (ZolazepamTiletamine) 50 mg/kg combined with Xylazine 3 mg/kg [39 (link)]. Then, the neck was opened with a ventral midline incision and ventilated with room air from a positive pressure ventilator by a Harvard rodent ventilator model 683 (Harvard Apparatus, Massachusetts, USA). It was started immediately with room air using a volume of 200–250 μL and ventilator rate of 70–110 breaths/min to maintain PCO2, PO2, and pH parameters of the physiological condition. The right carotid artery was canulated with a pressure-conductance catheter (Scisense, Ontario, Canada) [39 (link), 51 (link)] which was used for measuring left ventricular pressure and volume for 20 minutes. Heart rate, left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP) and end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximum and minimum pressures (Pmax and Pmin), cardiac output and stroke volume were measured in each rat.
4
Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction and Reperfusion
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Rats were anesthetized by an intramuscular injection of Zoletil (zolazepam and tiletamine) 50 mg/kg in combination with xylazine 3 mg/kg and were ventilated via a tracheotomy tube by Harvard Rodent Ventilator Model 683 (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA) (Pongkan et al. 2016) (link). Lead II ECG was monitored continuously throughout the entire I/R procedure. A left intercostal thoracotomy incision was performed, and then the LAD coronary artery was identified and ligated at approximately 2 mm distal to the origin of the left coronary, by a 5-0 silk suture to induce myocardial infarction. The LAD was ligated for 30 min, the procedure being followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by ST elevation on the ECG recording (Pongkan et al. 2016) (link).
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