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7 protocols using axiocam digital microscope camera

1

Histological Analysis of Mouse Heart

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Tissue samples of young and adult mouse hearts were fixed in buffered 4% formaldehyde and routinely embedded in paraffin. Four-µm-thick paraffin tissue sections were deparaffinized with xylene and grades of ethanol. For pathohistological analysis, tissue sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin/eosin, elastica van Gieson staining, and Masson–Goldner-three-color staining. For visualization and image processing, microscopic images were captured using an AxioCam digital microscope camera and the AxioVision image processing software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany). The images were acquired at 96 DPI and submitted with the final revision of the manuscript at 300 DPI. Images shown are representative of at least three independent experiments, which gave similar results.
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2

Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse tumor tissues

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The tumor tissue specimens obtained from mice were processed for paraffin section and deparaffinized consequently with xylene and ethanol. Antigen retrieval was done for 15 min followed by reaction with H2O2 for 10 min and blocking (10% normal goat serum + 0.01% BSA + dilution) for 1 h. The slides were then incubated overnight at 4°C with primary anti-vimentin, β-catenin, and CD44 antibody (1:200). Next, the slides were treated with secondary anti-rabbit antibodies (1:500) for 1 h and reacted using DAB histochemistry kit (Life technologies, Rockford, IL). Finally the slides were stained with hematoxylin and processed with mounting solution (DAKO) and visualized using a Nikon light microscope. Microscopic images were captured and processed using AxioCam digital microscope camera and AxioVision Image processing software (Carl Zeiss Vision, Oberkochen, Germany).
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3

NCAM Protein Expression Visualization

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COS-7 cells plated on 12 mm glass coverslips in 24-well plates were transfected at 80–90% confluence with 500 ng of V5-tagged NCAM or NCAM mutant protein expression vectors mixed with 1 μL of Lipofectamine 2000 and 150 μL of Opti-MEM I medium per well. One milliliter of DMEM containing 10% FBS was added to each well and incubated for 24 h. Thereafter, cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed and permeablized in −20 °C methanol. Detection of proteins by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was performed as described previously.30 (link) Briefly, fixed and permeabilized cells were incubated with mouse monoclonal anti-V5 antibody (Thermo-Fisher) in blocking buffer (5% normal goat serum in PBS) and stained with FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) to stain the nucleus. Cells were visualized and imaged using a Zeiss LSM 700 inverted confocal microscope equipped with an AxioCam digital microscope camera using a 100× oil-immersion lens. Images were acquired using Zen software (Zeiss) and analyzed using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health).
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4

Cardiac Morphological Analysis in Transgenic Myocardium

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The preparation of cardiac apex samples, mounting and staining was carried out as published before [10 (link)]. To analyze the morphological features of transgenic myocardium, dewaxed and rehydrated tissue sections of formaldehyde-fixed ventricular probes were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson-Goldner trichrome (MG). For imaging a Zeiss Axio Imager Z1 microscope with an AxioCam Digital microscope camera was used and analysed by AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH, Aalen, Germany).
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5

Quantitative Assessment of Apoptosis

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Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V‐FITC (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA) dual staining. After drug treatment, cells were harvested by trypsinization. The cells were washed with ice‐cold PBS and then washed with 1× binding buffer. Cells were then labeled with Annexin V‐FITC according to the manufacturer's instructions. Apoptotic cells were analyzed using a BD FACSVerse flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems). For TUNEL assays, cells were seeded on glass coverslips in six‐well plates and treated with drugs. After treatment, cells were fixed with 4% PFA and analyzed using the In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Apoptotic cells were detected according to the manufacturer's instructions. Slides were visualized with a Zeiss AxioVert 200 inverted epifluorescence microscope. Images were captured with an AxioCam digital microscope camera and analyzed with AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss Vision, Oberkochen, Germany).
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6

Histological analysis of mouse apex cordis

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We fixed small pieces of the apex cordis from H 1 -TG and WT mice in buffered 4% formaldehyde and we routinely embedded them in paraffin. We used phosphate buffered saline for all washing steps and dilutions. We deparaffinized 2-µm-thick paraffin tissue sections with xylene and graded ethanol and for histological analysis. We stained the tissue sections with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and we detected the fibrosis with Masson-Goldner trichrome stain (MG). For visualization and image processing, we used a Zeiss microscope "Axio Imager Z1" equipped with an AxioCam digital microscope camera and the AxioVision image processing software (Carl Zeiss Vision, Germany). We show images that were representative of three independent experiments which gave similar results.
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7

Cardiac Histopathology Analysis in Mice

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Cardiac samples from D 1 -TG and WT mice were fixed in buffered 4% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Thereafter, 2-µm-thick paraffin tissue sections were prepared, deparaffinized with xylene, and graded ethanols and for histological analysis, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and to detect fibrosis with Masson-Goldner trichrome stain (MG). For all washing steps and dilutions, phosphate-buffered saline was used. For visualization and image processing, a Zeiss microscope "Axio Imager Z1" equipped with an AxioCam digital microscope camera and the AxioVision image processing software were used (Carl Zeiss Vision, Germany). Images shown are representative of 3 independent experiments which gave similar results.
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