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46 protocols using methyl acrylate

1

Synthesis of Magnetic PEG-Functionalized Nanoparticles

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3⋅6H2O, 99% w/w), ferric sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4⋅7H2O, 99% w/w), ammonia solution (NH3, 32% v/v), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32% v/v), 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysaline (NH2(CH2)3-Si-(OCH3)3, APTS), methanol (99.9% v/v), ethanol (99.9% v/v), methyl acrylate (99.5% v/v), methoxy-PEG, and ethylenediamine (99% v/v) were used in the synthesis process; all materials were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Hamburg, Germany).
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2

Inert Gas Techniques for Organometallic Synthesis

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All manipulations involving air- and/or moisture-sensitive compounds were carried out in a N2 filled drybox or using Schlenk techniques. Ultra-high purity N2 and polymer-grade ethylene (both from Praxair, Sudbury, Canada) were purified by passing through 3 Å/5 Å molecular sieve and Oxiclear columns to remove moisture and oxygen, respectively, before use. Chlorobenzene (99.5%, Aldrich, Oakville, Canada) was refluxed over CaH2 and distilled before use. Methyl acrylate (99%), 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (technical grade, 90%), and 1,6-hexanediol acrylate (technical grade, 80%) were purchased from Aldrich, dried over 4 Å molecule sieves, and degassed with N2. 1-Hexene (99%, Aldrich) was dried over sodium, and distilled under N2 before storing over 4 Å molecular sieves. The diimine ligand, ArN=C(Me)–(Me)C=NAr (Ar≡2,6–(iPr)2C6H3), the acetonitrile adduct, [(ArN=C(Me)–(Me)C=NAr)Pd(CH3)(N≡CMe)]SbF6 (1), and the mononuclear chelate catalyst [(ArN=C(Me)–(Me)C=NAr)Pd(CH2)3C(O)OMe] SbF6 (2) were synthesized according to literature procedures [9 (link)]. Other chemicals, including CH2Cl2 (anhydrous), diethyl ether (anhydrous), n-pentane (anhydrous), triethylsilane (97%), etc., were purchased from Aldrich and used as received.
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3

Purification of Organic Reagents

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Dicyclopentadiene, methyl acrylate (99%), pent-1-en-3-on (ethyl-vinyl ketone) (97%), were provided from Aldrich. methyl acrylate prior to use was sequentially washed with aqueous NaOH and distilled water. Then it was dried with CaCl2 and fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. It was stored under nitrogen at 0 °C in dark. Ethyl-vinyl ketone was dried with MgSO4 and distilled.
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4

Synthesis of Ethyl 2-Azidopropionate

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Ethyl 2-bromopropionate (99%, Sigma Aldrich) and NaN3 (≥99.5%, Sigma Aldrich) were used to synthesise ethyl 2-azidopropionate according to a procedure in the literature.44 (link) Propargyl alcohol (99%, Alfa Aesar), copper(ii) chloride, copper(ii) sulfate anhydrous, N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (99%, PMDETA), tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (97%, Me6TREN), 1,5-pentanediamine (≥97%, PDA), diethylamine (≥99.5%, DEA), methyl acrylate (99%) and deuterochloroform (≥99%, CDCl3) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and were used without further purification. Isopropylthioxanthone (ITX, Fluka, a mixture of 2- and 4-isomers) was used as a photoinitiator.
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5

Synthesis and Spin-Coating of PEA and PMA

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PEA and PMA polymers were synthetized by radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), initiated by benzoin at 1 wt% and 0.35 wt%, respectively. Samples were then dried by vacuum extraction to constant weight and solubilized in toluene 2.5% w/v for PEA and 6% w/v for PMA. PEA and PMA solutions were then spin coated onto 12 mm round glass coverslips for 30 sec at a velocity of 2000 and 3000 rpm, respectively, with an acceleration of 3000 rpm/sec. Excess toluene was removed by placing coverslips under the vacuum for 2 h at 60°C.
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6

Membranes from UHMWPE and Polystyrene

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UHMWPE with Mn of 4.0 × 106 was provided by Shanghai Lianle Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Liquid paraffin (LP) was provided by Sinopec Hangzhou Refinery. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) was purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd, dopamine hydrochloride was produced by Shanghai Aladdin biochemical Technology Co., Ltd, and tris(hydroxymethyl aminomethane) was provided by National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. In order to evaluate the pore size of membranes, monodisperse polystyrene spheres with particle sizes of 50 nm, 100 nm and 200 nm were prepared by Wuxi Ruige Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Tetraethylpentamine, methyl acrylate, zinc nitrate and dodecanoic acid were provided by Sigma Aldrich. Pure cotton spunlaced nonwovens were purchased from the market.
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7

PAMAM Dendrimer Synthesis and Characterization

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PAMAM dendrimers were synthesized starting from ethylenediamine according to a modified protocol described by Tomalia [31 (link)]. All reagents for chemical syntheses, i.e., glycidol (mixture of enantiomers), methyl acrylate, ethylenediamine, and solvents, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA) as reagent grade and used as received. For biological studies, Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM and DMEM: F-12), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin solution were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Trypsin-EDTA solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with and without magnesium and calcium ions, 0.4% trypan blue solution, fluorescent marker DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Hydrocortisone, 0.33% neutral red solution (3-amino-6-dimethylamino-2-methyl-phenazine hydrochloride), was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, USA). Cell culture dishes were from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY, USA) or Nunc (Roskilde, Denmark).
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8

Silane-Functionalized Sorbents for Metal Recovery

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3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (1), 3-aminopropylsilatrane (2), acrylonitrile, methylacrylate and acrylamide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The objects of study were natural zeolite of the Kholinsky deposit (Russia), calcium heulandite, Ca[Al2Si7O18]⋅6H2O (Z), commercial chromatography grade silica gel 60–120 Mesh (S) and slides glass (G) 1 cm × 1 cm.
The procedure earlier described was used to immobilize silanes on the zeolite (Z) surface [38 (link)]. Syntheses of silane-functionalized silica gel (S) and glass (G) were described in [39 (link),40 (link)], respectively. Reagents of high or analytical purity were used for all sorption experiments. The 1 mg mL−1 Au(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) standard stock solutions were prepared by dissolving pure HAuCl4·4H2O, RhCl3·3H2O and PdCl2 in dilute HCl, respectively [37 (link)].
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9

Phytophthora infestants Inhibition Protocol

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Ethylenediamine (EDA) and toluene were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methyl acrylate (MA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was supplied by Fisher Scientific (Houston, TX, USA). Spectra/Por® Dialysis Membrane (MWCO 3.5 kDa) was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories Inc. (Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA). Marjoram essential oil was supplied by NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Phytophthora infestants fungi strain was purchased from Gia Tuong Ltd, Vietnam. Ethanol and acetic acid were purchased from Xilong Chemical, Ltd. (Guangdong, China). All other chemicals were of reagent grade. Distilled water was used in all preparations.
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10

Dextran-Based Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis

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Dextran (Dex, molecular weight: 5 kDa) was purchased from Pharmacosmos A/S (Denmark). Methyl acrylate, ethylenediamine, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, 99%), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, U.S.A.). Sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3), sodium azide (NaN3, 99%), propargylamine (98%), and sodium L-ascorbate (NaAsc, 99%) were purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, U.S.A.). BPD-MA was purchased from The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (Rockville, MD, U.S.A.). Toluene, anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and anhydrous trimethylamine (TEA) were used as received. Monoazido dendritic oligoamine G2 (N3-dOA) was synthesized according to a previous report.22 (link) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were prepared by thermal decomposition as previously described. Cell culture medium (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium), penicillin, streptomycin and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies, Inc. (Grand Island, NY, U.S.A.). All other reagents and solvents were used as received. All of the buffer solutions were prepared with deionized water.
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