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7 protocols using piceatannol

1

Piceatannol Modulates Hepatic Signaling

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Piceatannol (purity > 98.0%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Portland, OR). HepG2 human hepatoma cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Rabbit antibodies for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylated ACC, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated JNK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Mouse antibodies for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and secondary antibodies of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). Fetal bovine serum and fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Penicillin/streptomycin was purchased from GE Healthcare (Marlborough, MA). All other chemicals were obtained with either analytical grade or cell-culture grade from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).
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2

Phytochemical Compound Characterization

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Piceatannol (>98.0%), resveratrol (>99.0%), rhapontigenin (>98.0%), isorhapontigenin (>96.0%), piceid (>95.0%), pinostilbene (>97.0%), caffeic acid (>98.0%), and p-coumaric acid (>98.0%) were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Gnetin C (>97.0%), and special grade ethanol (>99.5%) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Astringin was obtained from Sequoia Research Products limited company (Pangbourne, United Kingdom). Epicatechin (>90.0%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan). LC-MS grade acetonitrile (>99.9%), LC-MS grade distilled water, and HPLC grade formic acid (>98.0%) were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Piceatannol and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Protocols

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Piceatannol (cat no.: P1928, purity > 98%, CAS: 10083-24-6) was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry UK Ltd., Oxford, UK. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cat no.: C8221, purity > 97%), albumin from bovine serum (cat no.: A2153, lot no.: 049k1585) and glutaraldehyde solution (cat no.: G5882) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Ltd., Poole, UK. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) (cat no.: 160110, lot no.: M2356, molecular weight: 36000–50,000) was obtained from Fisher Scientific Ltd., Leicester, UK. Primary and secondary antibodies were purchased from Abcam, UK. All solvents used in the study were of HPLC grade and reagents were of analytical grade or higher. Ultrapure water was of type 1 standard (ISO 3696, Milli-Q®) and used throughout the study.
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4

Piceatannol and Retinoic Acid Biological Assays

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Piceatannol was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Piceatannol was stored in 100 mM stocks in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma‐Aldrich; Merck KGaA) at −20°C. All‐trans‐retinoic acid (RA) and human‐recombinant animal‐free BDNF were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation. Aβ peptide 1–42, O‐acyl isopeptide, was purchased from Peptide Institute Inc.
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5

Reagents and Experimental Conditions

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Piceatannol was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI, Tokyo, Japan). Propranolol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for β-AR signaling experiments. H89, a PKA inhibitor, was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, and G15 (GRB-G15), a selective GPER antagonist, was purchased from Selleck Biotech (Tokyo, Japan). These reagents were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and added to the culture medium for each experiment. All other reagents were of the highest commercial analytical grade.
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6

Piceatannol Modulates Inflammatory Response

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Piceatannol was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was bought from GE Healthcare Life Sciences HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA), while fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin plus streptomycin (PS) were obtained from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LPS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The secondary antibodies, RIPA buffer, phenyl methane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, BCA protein assay kit for Western blotting, 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled secondary antibody, and 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) were acquired from Beyotime biotechnology (Shanghai, China), while all the primary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). PVDF membranes were acquired from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA).
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7

Piceatannol and Resveratrol Preparation

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Piceatannol and resveratrol were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). For in vitro experiments, the reagents were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and administered at a final DMSO concentration of less than 0.1%. For ingestion into mice, the reagents were suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution just prior to use.
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