4 lactone monohydrate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

4-lactone monohydrate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a versatile building block for the synthesis of other compounds. The core function of this product is to provide a stable and reliable source of the 4-lactone moiety for use in chemical reactions and processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

4-lactone (6 citations) D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate (6 citations) D-saccharic-1,4-lactone monohydrate (3 citations)

4 protocols using 4 lactone monohydrate

In Vitro Metabolic Profiling of Isobavachin

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Isobavachin (purity above 98%) was purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Alamethicin, D-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGA) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Specific substrates and their corresponding metabolites including phenacetin, paracetamol, bupropion, hydroxybupropion, paclitaxel, 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel, tolbutamide, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, chlorzoxazone, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, nifedipine, oxidized nifedipine, β-estradiol, propofol and zidovudine were acquired from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). β-estradiol-3-O-glucuronide, propofol-O-glucuronide and AZT-N-glucuronide used in this study were from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).
Pooled HLM, individual HLM (iHLM), recombinant human CYP isozymes (rCYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2E1, 3A4) and UGT isoforms (rUGT1A1, 1A9, 2B7) were all provided by Corning Biosciences (Corning, NY, USA). Mice liver microsomes (MLM) and mice intestine microsomes (MIM) were prepared in our laboratory using the differential centrifugation method as described previously.^{[16 (link)]} Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade or better.

Xing H., Yang J., Ren K., Qin Z., Wang P., Zhang X., Yao Z., Gonzalez F.J, & Yao X. (2020). Investigation on the metabolic characteristics of isobavachin in Psoralea corylifolia L. (Bu-gu-zhi) and its potential inhibition against human cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 72(12), 1865-1878.

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In Vitro Metabolism Evaluation

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Bavachinin (purity over 98.0%) was purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), alamethicin, d-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bupropion, β-estradiol, chlorzoxazone, hydroxy-bupropion, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, mephenytoin, 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, nifedipine, oxidized nifedipine, paclitaxel, paracetamol, phenacetin, propofol, tolbutamide, and zidovudine were obtained from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). β-Estradiol-3-O-glucuronide, propofol-O-glucuronide and zidovudine-N-glucuronide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).
Pooled human liver microsomes (HLM, 50 donors), pooled human intestine microsomes (HIM, 20 donors), rats' liver microsomes (RLM), mice liver microsomes (MLM), dog's liver microsomes (DLM), mini-pig liver microsomes (MpLM), human CYP isozymes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5), and human UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, 2B17) were all provided from Corning Biosciences (Corning, NY, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were used as received.

Li X., Xing H., Qin Z., Yang J., Wang P., Zhang X., Yao Z, & Yao X. (2020). Potential metabolism determinants and drug–drug interactions of a natural flavanone bavachinin. RSC Advances, 10(58), 35141-35152.

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In Vitro Glucuronidation Assay

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SN-38, genistein, propofol, tamoxifen and zidovudine were purchased from Yingxuan Chempharm Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Mansite Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China), Tokyo Chemical industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), Maya Reagent Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China), and Melone Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Dalian, China), respectively. SN-38G, propofol glucuronide, tamoxifen N-β-D-glucuronide and zidovudine O-glucuronide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, Canada). Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), alamethicin, D-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, MgCl₂, and β-glucuronidase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The primary antibodies of anti-UGT1A (sc-271268), anti-UGT1A4 (sc-27427), anti-UGT2B7 (ab126269), anti-UGT1A1 (ab458411), and anti-UGT1A9 (H00054600-A01) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (CA, USA), Abcam (Cambridge, MA), and Abnova (Taipei, Taiwan), respectively. All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest commercially available grade.

Lu L., Zhou J., Shi J., Peng X.J., Qi X.X., Wang Y., Li F.Y., Zhou F.Y., Liu L, & Liu Z.Q. (2015). Drug-Metabolizing Activity, Protein and Gene Expression of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases Are Significantly Altered in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0127524.

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Optimized Irinotecan Formulation Preparation

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irinotecan HCl Trihydrate injection (20 mg/mL) were purchased from Teva Parenteral Medicine, Inc. (Irvine, NY, USA) and the powder of irinotecan were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biology Technology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China), respectively. The self-made injectable irinotecan formulation was prepared as follows: the irinotecan hydrochloride was firstly dissolved in 1,3 Propanedio by sonication 10 min, then diluted in a sorbitol/lactic acid buffer (D-sorbitol 45 mg/ml and D-lactic acid 0.9 mg/ml, pH=3.4), the control group was given 0.2 mL sorbitol/lactic acid buffer.
The reference standard irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38G, NPC, and APC were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto Canada). Uridine-5’- diphosphate-β, D-glucuronic acid ester, D-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, magnesium chloride, daidzin, and astragaloside were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were purchased from VWR. Glucose, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS, powder form), HEPES, Ko143, MK-571, Zosuquidar (LY335979), NaHCO₃, and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Transwell™ cell culture insert (polycarbonate membrane and polystyrene plates with a diameter of 24 mm and a pore size of 3 μm) was obtained from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY, USA).

Sun R., Zhu L., Li L., Song W., Gong X., Qi X., Wang Y., Ghose R., Gao S., Hu M, & Liu Z. (2020). Irinotecan-mediated diarrhea is mainly correlated with intestinal exposure to SN-38: critical role of gut Ugt.. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 398, 115032.

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