phenol:chloroform method following specific protocols for each tissue [40 ,41 ]. PCRs were performed using standard
protocols [41 ] for 11
genes, including four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, cox1,
cytb) and seven nuclear (amel,
bdnf, c-mos, jun,
hoxa13, nt3, rag1). The
sequences for each pair of primers and their respective references are provided
as supporting information (
alkaline phosphatase and exonuclease I (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ).
Sequences were generated in Brazil at the Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e
Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre,
Rio Grande do Sul) using the DYEnamic ET Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit in
a MegaBACE 1000 automated sequencer (GE Healthcare); and in China at Laboratory
for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University (Kunming,
Yunnan) using BigDye Terminator cycle sequencing kit in an ABI 3700 sequencer
(Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Both strands were sequenced for all
fragments and sequences were edited and assembled using Geneious 5.5 (