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5 protocols using p eif4b

1

Meningioma Protein Expression Analysis

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Human meningioma samples were obtained from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Pathology, under institutional IRB approval. Protein from meningioma samples was extracted using RIPA buffer (Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA). Cultured meningioma cells with or without treatment were lysed using cell lysis buffer (Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA). 20 μg of protein from each sample was resolved by 4–20% SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad), before transfer to a PVDF membrane for overnight incubation with primary antibodies at 4 °C. Primary antibodies were diluted at 1:1000 for OGN (Abcam, Cambridge, USA), cyclinD1, cyclinA2, cyclinB1, GAPDH, p-AKT(Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-4E-BP1(Ser65), p-eIF4B (Ser422), p-eEF2K (Ser366), p-ULK(Ser757), NF2, LC3IIB (Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA). Membranes were then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse IgG (Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA) at 1:2000. Blots were visualized by an ECL system (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) and protein quantified by densitometry analyses using ImageJ.
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2

Purification of 13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide from Soft Coral

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13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide was purified after extracting it from the cultured Formosa soft coral S. crassocaule, according to the method described by others (Duh et al. 2000 (link)). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-3 inhibitor), Z-VAD-FMK (a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor), a protease inhibitor cocktail, and rabbit anti-human β-actin antibodies were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against pro-caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 9, pro-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-PARP-1, Bax, Bad, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, p-Bad, PARP-1, Bcl-2, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, p70S6K, p-p70S6K, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, p-S6, p-eIF4B, and p-eIF4E, and goat anti-rabbit and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated immunoglobulin G were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France).
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3

Western Blotting Protein Analysis

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Western blotting analyses were performed as described previously (Marabita et al., 2016 (link)). Antibodies for P-Akt, Akt, eIF4E, P-eIF4E, P-eIF4B, eIF4B, eIF4A, eIF4H, eIF4G, P-eIF4G, 4E-BP1, P-S6, S6 were taken from Cell Signaling. Actin was from Santa Cruz, and puromycin from Millipore. All quantifications of the western blots were done on at least four different blots for each protein, in each condition. Differences between groups were assessed using Student's t-test. Significance was defined as a value of P < 0.05 (95% confidence).
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4

Modulation of THP-1 and MM-6 Differentiation

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Differentiation of THP-1 and MM-6 cells was performed using Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; Merck Millipore) or 1-α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3; Sigma Aldrich). For the inhibition of kinases and proteases, the following inhibitors were applied: S6K1 inhibitor DG2 (S6K-I), PKR inhibitor (PKR-I; 6,8-Dihydro-8-1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylene)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-g]benzothiazol-7-one), ALLN (N-[N-(N-Acetyl-L-leucyl)-L-leucyl]-L-norleucine), MG-132, Calpain-Inhibitor V (Merck Millipore), rapamycin (mTOR-I; Sigma Aldrich), UO126 (MEK-I; Cell Signaling, Danvers, USA), BI-D1870 (RSK-I; Axon Medchem BV, Groningen, Netherland), and Cathepsin-Inhibitor I (Applichem). For Western Blotting, specific antibodies directed against RSK, phosphorylated (p-)RSK (T573), ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), rpS6, p-rpS6 (S335/236), eIF4B, p-eIF4B (S422), eIF4A, eIF2α, p-eIF2α (S51), PKR (Cell Signaling), p-PKR (T446; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), V5 Tag (Invitrogen), C/EBPβ, Calpastatin, Histon H4 (Santa Cruz), Actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), or TATA box-binding protein (TBP; Sigma Aldrich) were used in combination with secondary horseradish peroxidase (HRP-)coupled antibodies (Vector Laboratories, Peterborough, UK). All media and reagents were of the best available grade and routinely tested for endotoxins with the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay (Lonza).
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5

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Primary antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology were used to analyze the expression of important proteins, Bcl-2 (catalog #4223S), Bax (catalog #2772S), Bcl-xL (catalog #2764S), eIF4e (catalog #9742S), peIF4e (catalog #9741S), 4EBP1 (catalog #9452S), p4EBP1 (catalog #2855S), mTOR (catalog #4517S), p-mTOR (catalog #5536S), eIF4B (catalog #3592S), peIF4B (catalog #3591S), eIF4G (catalog #2498S), peIF4G (catalog #2441S), p18 (catalog # 2896S) and p21 (catalog #2947S). Cleaved PARP (sc-8007) and Cyclin D1 (sc-753) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). β-actin antibody was obtained from Sigma (catalog #A2228; St. Louis, MO, USA). The horseradish peroxidase conjugated rabbit (catalog #4011) and mouse (catalog #4021) secondary antibodies were procured from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
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