Tgf β1 receptor kinase inhibitor sb431542

TGF-β1 was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). TGF-β1 receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) was purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ERK inhibitor (PD098059) were purchased from Millipore Co. (Billerica, MA, USA). Thalidomide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-rat p38 (ab7952), p-p38 (ab4822), Smad2/3 (ab63672) and p-Smad2/3 (ab63399) were purchased from Abcam (Shanghai, China). Anti-rat ERK (BS1121) and E-Cadherin (BS1097) were purchased from Bioworld (Minneapolis, USA). Anti-rat p-ERK (#4370), AKT (#9272), p-AKT (#2965s), GSK3β (#9315) and p-GSK3β (#9336) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-rat JNK (sc-571), p-JNK (sc-81502) and α-SMA (sc-71626) were purchased from Santa Cruz (CA, USA). Anti-rat vimentin (3634–100) was purchased from Biovision (Mountain View, CA, USA). Anti-rat ZO-1 was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-β-actin and HRP-labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Boster (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Commercial ELISA kits for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were purchased from R&D Systems (Shanghai, China). ELISA kit for collagen type IV was purchased from BlueGene Biotech (Shanghai, China).