Pyrrole py monomer

The Pyrrole (Py) monomer and the dopant, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) were obtained from Sigma. The Py was distilled prior to use. All Py monomer and dopant solutions were prepared with deionized water (Milli-Q). Gold-coated mylar (Solutia Performance Films, CA, USA) was prepared for polymerisation by cleaning with isopropanol and Milli-Q, then dried under a N2 stream. Aqueous monomer solutions were prepared separately for the dopant, consisting of 0.2 M Py and 0.05 M DBS. These aqueous solutions were degassed using N2 for 10 min prior to polymerization of the polymers. PPy films were polymerized galvanostatically at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm² for 10 min in the aqueous monomer solution using an eDAQ EA161 potentiostat. Polymer growth was performed in a standard three-electrode electrochemical cell with the gold-coated mylar as the working electrode, a platinum mesh counter electrode, and an Ag|AgCl reference electrode. After growth, the films were washed extensively with dH2O, gently dried with N2 gas, and stored under desiccated conditions before being prepared for cell culture. Polymers were sterilized by soaking for 20 min in 70% EtOH and then air dried prior to coating with poly-D-lysine (1 h at room temp), then laminin (20 μg/mL, 4 °C overnight; Life Technologies). Solutions were removed and platforms allowed to air dry before cell seeding.

Chemicals used in this study included pyrrole (Py) monomer (98%), sodium salicylate (99.5%), sodium molybdate (98%), and sodium chloride (99.5%), all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Pyrrole monomer was purified by distillation prior to use and stored at a low temperature, protected from light. Graphene oxide (GO) was obtained from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
Commercial low-carbon steel was purchased from TISCO Company, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. The composition (wt%) was 0.10% C, 0.5 Mn, 0.04 P, and 0.05 S.

The pyrrole (Py) monomer and FeCl₃-6H₂O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fucoidan (FU) from Laminaria japonica (MW: 80 kDa, ester sulfate: 34%) was acquired from NOVA Pharma (Baltimore, MD, USA). Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were harvested from primary bovine serum and cultured in cell medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)). Chemicals or consumables for cell culture were obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Other reagents or chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.