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5 protocols using enhanced chemifluorescence reagent

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Western blot was performed as described previously [12 (link)]. Briefly, total (25 µg), cytoplasmic (25 µg) or nuclear (30 µg) proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and electrotransferred onto PVDF membranes which were probed overnight at 4 °C or for 2 h at room temperature with the primary antibodies listed in Table 1 and then with anti-rabbit (dilution 1:20000; NIF1317, lot9465473, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK) or anti-mouse (dilution 1:20000; NIF1316, lot6963606, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK) alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Mouse monoclonal anti-β-tubulin I and rabbit polyclonal anti-lamin B1 were used as loading controls of total and cytoplasmic extracts and of nuclear extracts, respectively. Immune complexes were detected with Enhanced ChemiFluorescence reagent (GE Healthcare) in the imaging system ThyphoonTM FLA 9000 (GE Healthcare). Image analysis was performed with TotalLab TL120 software (Nonlinear Dynamics Ltd., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK).
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2

Recombinant FVIII Coagulation Assay

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Recombinant FVIII (Kogenate™) was a generous gift from Dr. Lisa Regan of Bayer Corporation (Berkeley, CA). Dioleoyl phospholipids [Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS)] were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). The reagents α-thrombin, FVIIa, FIXaβ, FX, and FXa (Enzyme Research Laboratories, South Bend, IN), hirudin (DiaPharma, West Chester, OH), the chromogenic FXa substrate, Pefachrome Xa (Pefa-5523, CH3OCO-D-CHA-Gly-Arg-pNA·AcOH; Centerchem Inc. Norwalk CT), Enhanced Chemifluorescence reagent (GE Healthcare Bioscience, Piscataway, NJ), recombinant human tissue factor (rTF: Innovin, Dade Behring, Deerfield, IL), flourogenic substrate (Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC: Calbiochem, San Diego, CA), and thrombin calibrator (Diagnostica Stago, Parsippany, NJ) were purchased from the indicated vendors.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of IL-1β and NOS2

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Total cell extracts were prepared and western blot was performed as described before54 (link). Briefly, total (25 µg for Raw 264.7 cell line and 20 µg for human chondrocytes) proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and electrotransferred onto PVDF membranes. These were probed overnight at 4 °C or for 2 h at room temperature with rabbit polyclonal antibody against IL-1β (dilution 1:500; sc-7884, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, INC., Texas, USA) or mouse monoclonal antibody NOS2 (dilution 1:500; MAB9502, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and then with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies (dilution 1:20000; GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK) for 1 h at room temperature. Immune complexes were detected with Enhanced ChemiFluorescence reagent (GE Healthcare) in the imaging system Thyphoon FLA 9000 (GE Healthcare). The membranes were reprobed with a mouse monoclonal anti-β-Tubulin I antibody (Sigma-Aldrich Co.), diluted at 1:20000, as a loading control, for 1 h at room temperature. Image analysis was performed with TotalLab TL120 software (Nonlinear Dynamics Ltd).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Proteins

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Western blot was performed as described previously [13 (link)]. Briefly, total (25 µg), cytoplasmic (25 µg) or nuclear (30 µg) proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. A commercial mixture of 12 purified pre-stained proteins (NZYColour Protein Marker II, NZYTech, Lisbon, Portugal) was run in each gel to allow for confirmation of the apparent molecular weight of the proteins of interest. The proteins were then electrotransferred onto PVDF membranes (Immobilon®—P, Merck Millipore Ltd.) which were probed overnight at 4 °C or for 2 h at room temperature with the primary antibodies indicated in Table 1 and then with anti-rabbit (dilution 1:20,000; NIF1317, lot9465473, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK) or anti-mouse (dilution 1:20,000; NIF1316, lot6963606, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK) alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Mouse monoclonal anti-β-Tubulin I and rabbit polyclonal anti-Lamin B1 were used as a loading controls of total and cytoplasmic extracts and of nuclear extracts, respectively. Immune complexes were detected with Enhanced ChemiFluorescence reagent (GE Healthcare) in the imaging system ThyphoonTM FLA 9000 (GE Healthcare). Image analysis was performed with TotalLab TL120 software (Nonlinear Dynamics Ltd., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

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Total and cytoplasmic extracts were prepared as described before (Goldring and Otero, 2011) . Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and electrotransferred onto PVDF membranes. These were probed overnight with the following primary antibodies: mouse monoclonal anti-human iNOS (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN), mouse polyclonal anti-human phospho-IκB-α or rabbit polyclonal anti-human IκB-α, antihuman phospho-JNK, anti-human phospho-p38 or anti-human phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA) and then with anti-rabbit or anti-mouse alkaline phosphataseconjugated secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare, UK). Mouse antihuman β-Tubulin monoclonal antibody was used to detect β-Tubulin as a loading control. Enhanced ChemiFluorescence reagent (GE Healthcare) was used to detect immune complexes. Image analysis was performed with ImageQuant TL software (GE Healthcare). The results presented are the normalized ratio between the intensities of the bands corresponding to the protein of interest and to the protein used as loading control.
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