Recombinant murine interferon gamma ifn γ

Deuterated methanol-d₄ (CD₃OD, 99.8%), non-deuterated KH₂PO₄, sodium deuterium oxide (NaOD), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid-d₄ sodium salt (TSP) and deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Curcumin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and recombinant murine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell culture media, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) containing both HEPES and l-glutamine with phenol red and that without phenol red, penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic solutions, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and triple Express enzyme were acquired from Gibco/BRL Life Technologies Inc. (Eggenstein, Germany).

HPLC-grade ethanol and Folin–Ciocalteu's reagent were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium bicarbonate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin hydrate, curcumin, gallic acid, 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and recombinant murine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The α-glucosidase enzyme was purchased from Megazyme (Bray Business Park, Ireland). The reagents used for cell culture studies, including Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), containing HEPES and L-glutamine, with and without phenol red; an antibiotic mixture of penicillin-streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and TripLE™ Express enzyme were supplied by Gibco (Life technologies, USA). The LC/MS graded acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Toronto, Canada). RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD).