Diethyl ether

Acrylamide (Am, 99.9%), acryloyl chloride (96%), choline chloride (ChCl, 99%), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD, 98%), dichloromethane (DCM, 99.9%, with molecular sieves, water ≤ 50 ppm), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 99%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%, with molecular sieves, water ≤ 50 ppm), 4-(4,6-dimethoxy−1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM, 97%), ethylene glycol (EG, 98%), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, average Mn = 2000), rhodamine B, and tartrazine (yellow dye) were purchased from Macklin. 2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (I₂₉₅₉, ≥98.0%), lithium phenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphinate (LAP, ≥98.0%), lithocholic acid (LCA, >97.0%), N,N’-methylenebisAcrylamide (MBA), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃, ≥99.8%), and triethylamine (TEA, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Aladdin. Acetone, diethyl ether and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangdong, China).

Pine oleoresin was purchased from Guangxi Wuzhou Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd. Purification of levopimaric acid from rosin base was performed using Qi’s method (97.0 wt%) [22 ]. Adamas-beta Chemical Company provided chloroform (99.7 wt%), CDCl₃ (99.8 wt%), silica gel (99.5 wt%), and KI (99.5%). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (97 wt%) and Na₂S₂O₃ (99.5 wt%) were obtained from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Nanning Yunlaida Gas Corporation provided the N₂ and O₂ (99.999%) gas. Yantai Xinnuo Corporation provided GF 254 silica gel plates. N-Pentane (97.0 wt%), diethyl ether (99.5 wt%) and acetic acid (99.5 wt%) were obtained from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent.