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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KH2PO4. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used as a buffer in various laboratory and industrial applications. The compound's primary function is to maintain a specific pH level in aqueous solutions, making it a crucial component in various analytical and experimental procedures.

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6 protocols using potassium dihydrogen phosphate

1

Buckwheat Seed Antioxidant Characterization

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Tartary buckwheat seeds (Hefeng No. 1) were cultivated in Datong, Shanxi Province, China, and were acquired from Beijing Green Valley Sprout Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Rutin, gallic acid, and γ-Amino butyric acid standard were purchased from Shanghai solarbio Bioscience & Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The analytical grade chemicals, such as Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid (GA), sodium carbonate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, glucose anhydrous, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, o-phthalaldehyde, copper sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulfuric acid, boric acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, sodium acetate, phenol, potassium persulfate, sodium hydroxide, and aluminum chloride were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). In addition, 2,2-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), acetone, and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
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2

In Vitro Digestion and Antioxidant Assays

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Sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), potassium chloride (KCl, >99%), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3, >99%), calcium chloride (CaCl2, >98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O, >99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2, >99%), urea (≥99%), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, >99%), potassium ferricyanide, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, pepsin (from porcine gastric mucosa), mucin (from the porcine stomach), pancreatin (from the porcine pancreas), lipase (from the porcine pancreas), bile extract porcine, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 95%), and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, >98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Ciprofloxacin Characterization and Preparation

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Ciprofloxacin (≥98%) was purchased from Shanghai ANPEL Experimental Technology Co., Ltd. It is an amphoteric antibiotic that exhibits cationic, zwitterionic and anionic species of CIP at various pH (Fig. S1). HCl, NaOH and NaCl (analytically pure) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Works. Acetonitrile (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (≥99.5%, Macklin, Shanghai) were chromatographically pure, and deionized water was used in the experiments.
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4

Trichoderma harzianum T4 Conidia Production

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The wild-type T. harzianum T4 strain was used in this study and was stored in our laboratory. A conidial suspension of T. harzianum T4 was stored in 20% glycerol at −80 °C. For the acquisition of conidia, T. harzianum T4 was inoculated and cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 3 days, and mycelia were scraped and suspended in sterile water, fully shaken, and filtered with three layers of gauze for backup. The initial culture medium of chlamydospore preparation (IMC) consisted of soluble starch (2.39%), calcium carbonate (0.1%), wheat bran (0.48%), ammonium sulfate (0.2%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1%), and Tween 80 (0.5%).
Mannitol, glycine betaine, and N-A-G were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Unless otherwise stated, other chemicals were purchased from Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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5

Corn Starch-Based Formulation Development

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Food-grade corn starch (CS) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Analytical-grade potassium chloride, glacial acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, DMSO, and anhydrous sodium acetate were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Glucose amylase was purchased from Sigma Aldrich CO. (St. Louis, MO, USA). α-amylase, pancreatin, and pepsin were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Analytical-grade anhydrous ethanol purchased from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Hydrochloric acid was purchased from Guangdong Guangshi Reagent Technology Co., Ltd. Soybean oil was purchased from COFCO Fulinmen Food Marketing Co., Ltd. (Nantong, China).
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6

Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase Production

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Formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CAS number: 9028‐85‐7, catalog number: F8649‐50UN) was produced from Sigma‐Aldrich, USA. NADH (molar mass: 709.4, CAS number: 606‐68‐8 (anhydrous), part number: MFCD00036200), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and disodium hydrogen phosphate were produced from Macklin, China. Zinc acetate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate was made from Sinopharm Chemical ReagentCo., Ltd, China. 2‐Melm was created from Xiya Reagent, China. Sodium nitrate and neutral red were produced from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Imidazole‐2‐formaldehyde (2‐ICA) was produced by Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China.
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