CyanoCoating and PU thrombogenicity potential was assessed according to ISO 10993-4:2009 (Biological evaluation of medical devices - Selection of tests for interactions with blood). Platelets from an intermediary platelet unit (IPU), provided by Hospital de São João (Porto, Portugal) were used. Samples were sterilized as described in Section 4.4.2.2 . After sterilization, samples were immersed in 1% (v/v) human plasma in PBS, for 30 min at 37 °C, and rinsed three times with PBS. Simultaneously, 24-well tissue culture polystyrene plates (TCPS, Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) were incubated at 37 °C with 1% (w/v) BSA in PBS for 1 h, to reduce platelet activation in response to the oxidized TCPS. Protein-adsorbed surfaces were transferred to the BSA-treated plates, previously washed five times with PBS, and incubated with IPU at 3 × 108 platelets/mL in PBS for 30 min at 37 °C and 70 rpm. Surfaces were rinsed with PBS and processed for SEM analysis as explained in 4.4.2.5. The SEM analysis was performed using a high-resolution SEM with X-ray microanalysis: JSM 6301F (Jeol, Peabody, MA, USA) at 5 kV, at CEMUP. Five micrographs of each surface were taken at 2000× magnification (n = 9). The number of platelets and different activation stages per surface condition were quantified using the ImageJ software and reported as platelets/mm2.
Jsm 6301f
Manufactured by JEOL
Sourced in Japan, United States, France
The JSM-6301F is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) manufactured by JEOL. It is designed for high-resolution imaging of a wide range of samples. The JSM-6301F utilizes a field emission electron gun to generate a focused electron beam, which is then scanned across the surface of the sample. The reflected electrons are detected and used to create a detailed image of the sample's surface topography and composition.
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Lab products found in correlation
Jfc 1300 automatic fine platinum coater, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (3 mentions)
Inca energy 350, by Oxford Instruments (2 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by TAAB (2 mentions)
Jsm 2010, by JEOL (2 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Alto 2500, by Ametek (2 mentions)
Stylus tough, by Olympus (2 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Frontier 1, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Asap 2020 surface area and, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
Raman spectroscopy, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Tecnai g2 20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Q150t turbo pumped sputter coater, by Quorum Technologies (1 mentions)
Alpha300 r confocal raman spectrometer, by WITec (1 mentions)
Orius sc1000, by Ametek (1 mentions)
Jem 1400 transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Em cpd300, by Leica Microsystems (1 mentions)
D max ultima 3, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
62 protocols using jsm 6301f
1
Thrombogenicity Evaluation of Coated Surfaces
2
SEM Visualization of Bacteria in Chewed Gum
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In order to visualize bacteria trapped in chewed gum, a 5 min chewed gum piece was spit into liquid nitrogen, kept immersed for 2 min and broken into multiple pieces, which were subsequently examined in a SEM (JEOL JSM-6301F, Akishima, Japan). Gum pieces were fixed directly for 24 h in 2.0% glutaraldehyde at 4.0°C, washed with 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and incubated for 1 h in 1.0% OsO4 in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at room temperature. After washing with water, samples were dehydrated with an ethanol series (30, 50 and 70%) each for 15 min and 3 times 30 min with 100% ethanol. Fracture surfaces of the chewed gum were examined for the presence of bacteria at a magnification of 7.500× with an acceleration voltage of 2.0 kV and 39.0 mm working distance.
3
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Thin Films
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The surface morphology of the films was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6301F, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The samples were dried at 35 °C for 12 h, mounted on aluminium stubs using double-sided carbon tape, then sputter-coated with gold. The micrographs were captured at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV.
4
Thermal Stability and Characterization of ZnO Coated Fishing Nets
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Thermal stability of the supporting fishing net was studied using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) (PerkinElmer Frontier 1, USA) (Supplementary Fig. 1 ). Surface morphologies of the control (unmodified), ZnO nanorods coated (nanocoating) and painted (paint) fishing nets were characterized by JEOL JSM-6301F field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Japan) working at 5 kV (Optical images of coated net substrates are shown in (Supplementary Fig. 4 ). The compositions of control, nanocoated and painted nets were studied using Raman spectroscopy (HORIBA scientific, USA). Surface area (m2/g) measurements were conducted using BET surface analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2020 Surface area and porosity analyzer). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (Omicron Nanotechnology, Germany) with a monochromatic Al Kα radiation (hν = 1486.6 eV) at a working voltage of 15 kV was used for the surface characterization of the substrates. Binding energies were calibrated according to C 1s peak at 284.6 eV. Surface wetting measurements were carried out with Theta Lite attention tensiometer (Biolin Scientific, Sweden). Water contact angle was measured five times on a dry substrate using a sessile drop of water (volume = 2 μl) and the average values are reported.
5
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Dried Substrates
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Electron microscopy was carried out using a JEOL JSM-6301F field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Japan) working at 5 KV. For SEM analysis, air dried net substrates were cut into small pieces (size 5 mm × 5 mm) and were dehydrated by dipping in a series of increasing ethanol concentrations (30%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100%). The substrates were kept in each solution for about 15 min and finally dried in a desiccator. All samples were then sputtered with platinum metal prior to loading into the microscope to avoid charging during imaging.
6
Characterization of H40-PLA Nanoparticles
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Particle size and zeta potential were measured by Malvern Mastersizer 2000 (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Zeta potential is an indicator of the surface charge and colloidal stability of particles. Before measurement, freshly prepared NPs were appropriately diluted. All measurements were carried out at room temperature after 10 min of equilibration. The data were the averages of three measurements. Surface morphology of the nanoparticles was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, JEOL JSM-6301F, Tokyo, Japan). To prepare samples for FESEM, the H40-PLA NPs were fixed on a stub by a double-sided sticky tape and then coated with platinum layer by JFC-1300 automatic fine platinum coater (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) for 60 s. The H40-PLA NPs were further observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Tecnai G2 20, FEI Company, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA). Sample was dropped onto a copper grid coated with a carbon membrane. The grid was allowed to dry before characterization.
7
Comparative SEM Analysis of AMNP Particles
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AMNP0, AMNP1, and AMNP2 particles were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). AMNP0 (3 mg) was secured onto a carbon based adhesive substrate and positioned on a specimen stage, while powder samples (3 mg) of AMNP1 and AMNP2 were dispersed in 10 mL of ethanol prior analysis. From each dispersion, 10 µL was placed on separate SEM pin stubs and left to air dry. The samples were sputter-coated with 20 nm of gold for 180 s under argon using a Quorum Q150T Turbo-Pumped Sputter Coater (Essex, UK). AMNP0 was imaged using a JEOL JSM-6301F instrument (Welwyn Garden City, UK), whilst AMNP1 and AMNP2 were imaged using a Quanta 200 FEG ESEM (OR, USA). All images were collected with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV.
8
Vascular Resin Injection and Histological Analysis of Gingival Blood Flow
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After investigation of gingival blood flow at each time point, all animals were sacrificed by perfusion fixation under deep anaesthesia. Morphological procedures were conducted as described in a previous study.6 Vascular resin was injected on the day of the operation, as well as at 7 and 30 days of experiment. After perfusion fixation, the synthetic resin (Mercox; Ladd Research, Williston, VT, USA) was injected from the inferior alveolar arteries. The soft tissue was dissolved by 5% hypochlorous acid; all specimens were then washed thoroughly with water and freeze-dried. After specimens had been ion-coated with platinum palladium, they were examined using an SEM (JSM6301F; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). To confirm morphological changes in the tooth surface state, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed following the standard techniques and then, tissues were observed with a light microscope (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan).
9
Dentin Surface Topography and Elemental Analysis
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After immersed in SBF for 7 days, the dentin discs were rinsed three times with deionized water, dehydrated using an ascending ethanol series (70–100%), and then, as the final chemical dehydration step, immersed in hexamethyldisilazane, which was allowed to evaporate slowly. The surface topography of the dehydrated dentin discs was observed by SEM (JSM-6301F, JEOL, Japan) with a beam voltage of 15 kV. The vertical sections were also observed after the dentin discs were split perpendicularly to the treated surfaces. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) apparatus attached was used to identify elemental analysis on the dentin surface treated with different methods.
10
Graphene-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
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Axial graphene coating was deposited on iron oxide (II, III) magnetic nanoparticles using PE-CVD, as described previously24 (link). Briefly, iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in water were drop-casted onto a SiO2 surface and heated at 80 °C for 20 min to remove water. After that, samples were kept at 350 °C for 10 min in the presence of H2 and Ar, and the temperature was increased to 450 °C for 10 min. The SiO2 surface with deposited nanoparticles was then loaded into a cold wall CVD system (Axitron, Black Magic). There the samples were heated rapidly (~ 300 °C/min) to the growth temperature of 775 °C and annealed in H2 and Ar atmosphere. A 75 W DC glow discharge plasma was ignited, and the graphene growth was initiated by introducing 15 sccm C2H2, 15 sccm H2 and 1000 sccm Ar. The density and orientation of coatings was confirmed by SEM (JEOL, JSM 6301F). The samples for SEM were sputter coated with gold (5 nm) before imaging. Raman spectra were measured by a WITec alpha300 R confocal Raman spectrometer equipped with a 100 × objective and spectrometer spectral range from 420 to 830 nm. Each spectrum was recorded in the range 500–3000 cm−1 with 10 min accumulation time and approximately 4 cm−1 resolution. The graphene-coated nanoparticles were detached from the SiO2 substrate carefully by using a surgical scalpel and used in all subsequent experiments.
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