Magnesium chloride mgcl2

Isobavachin (purity above 98%) was purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Alamethicin, D-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGA) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Specific substrates and their corresponding metabolites including phenacetin, paracetamol, bupropion, hydroxybupropion, paclitaxel, 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel, tolbutamide, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, chlorzoxazone, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, nifedipine, oxidized nifedipine, β-estradiol, propofol and zidovudine were acquired from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). β-estradiol-3-O-glucuronide, propofol-O-glucuronide and AZT-N-glucuronide used in this study were from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).
Pooled HLM, individual HLM (iHLM), recombinant human CYP isozymes (rCYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2E1, 3A4) and UGT isoforms (rUGT1A1, 1A9, 2B7) were all provided by Corning Biosciences (Corning, NY, USA). Mice liver microsomes (MLM) and mice intestine microsomes (MIM) were prepared in our laboratory using the differential centrifugation method as described previously.^{[16 (link)]} Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade or better.

All lipid standards and total cerebrosides extract (porcine brain) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc (Alabaster, AL). Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), 2,2’;6’,2”-terpyridine (Terpy), and 4’-chloro-2,2’;6’,2”-terpyridine (Terpy-Cl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). MS-grade water and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA).