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14 protocols using mithras lb940 reader

1

BRET Proximity Assay Protocol

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BRET proximity assays were performed as described previously (23 (link)). Briefly, HEK-293T cells were transfected using a constant amount of plasmid DNA but various ratios of plasmids encoding the fusion protein partners. A control corresponding to mock-transfected cells was included in order to subtract raw basal luminescence or fluorescence from the data. Expression of mVenus fusion proteins was estimated by measuring fluorescence at 535 nm following excitation at 485 nm. Expression of RLuc fusion proteins was estimated by measuring the luminescence of the cells after incubation with 5 μM coelenterazine H (Promega). In parallel, BRET1 between hRLuc8 and mVenus was measured 5 min after addition of 5 μM coelenterazine H (Promega). BRET1 readings were collected using a Mithras LB940 reader (Berthold). The BRET1 signal was calculated as the ratio of emission of mVenus (510–590 nm) to hRLuc8 (440–500 nm)—Cf, where Cf corresponds to the ratio of emission (510–590 nm) to (440–500 nm) for the hRLuc construct expressed alone in the same experiment.
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2

Cell Proliferation Quantification by EdU Assay

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Proliferation was assessed using the Click-iT EdU Proliferation Assay for Microplates (C10499, Invitrogen). Briefly, cells were plated at 48% confluency in 96 well black microplate (CLS3603, Corning, MERCK), labeled with 10 µM EdU for 24 h, then fixed and clicked according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fluorescence was analyzed with a Mithras LB 940 reader (Berthold technologies, Bad Wildbad, Germany) and MikroWin 2010 software (Berthold technologies) using excitation filter 560 nm and emission filter 590 nm.
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3

Measuring Inositol 1-Phosphate Signaling

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Inositol 1-phosphate (IP-1), a metabolite of inositol trisphosphate, which is downstream of signaling by Gαq or Gβγ subunits, was detected using the IP-One Tb HTRF kit (Cisbio Bioassays, Bedford, MA), as described elsewhere earlier [20 (link)]. Cells were grown in 96-well plates overnight before the pretreatment with UBO-QIC (100 nM) for 30 min before the addition of agonists followed by additional 30 min incubation. Assay plates were read on a Mithras LB940 reader (Berthold Technologies, Oak Ridge, TN) or a PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA) EnSpire plate reader using a time-resolved fluorescence ratio (665/620 nm).
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4

Quantifying cAMP and IP1 Dynamics

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Changes of the intracellular second messengers cAMP and IP1 were quantified with the HTRF-cAMP dynamic kit and the HTRF-IP1 kit, respectively (CisBio International), on a Mithras LB 940 reader (Berthold Technologies) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and as described elsewhere in detail (Schröder et al., 2009 (link); Schmidt et al., 2011 (link)). If BIM or its solvent were present during the assay, it was preincubated for 2 hr at 37°C.
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5

BRET-based μ-Opioid Receptor Translocation

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μ-OR β-arrestin translocation assay was performed using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay as originally described32 (link). In brief, HEK293T (ATCC CRL-11268, Manassas, VA) were co-transfected with cDNA encoding the μ-OR fused at the C-terminus with the Renillla reniformis luciferase (Luc8) and with the Venus-tagged β-arrestin-2 and G protein– coupled receptor kinase 2. Twenty-four hour post-transfection, cells were distributed on clear bottom white Poly-L-Lys-coated 96-well plates. The next day, cells were rinsed once with PBS and incubated 10 min in 90 μl of assay buffer (1× HBSS, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.40) containing 5 μM coelenterazine‐ h. Then cells were stimulated 15 min by the addition of 10 μl of 10× drugs diluted in assay buffer and emitted light collected using a Mithras LB-940 reader (Berthold Technologies).
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6

Measuring IP-1 Levels in U2Os Cells

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Inositol 1-phosphate (IP-1) was measured using the IP-One Tb HTRF kit (Cisbio Bioassays, Bedford, MA) as described previously60 (link),61 (link). Briefly, after overnight growth, U2Os cells expressing the P2Y1 receptor were first treated with an antagonist for 20 min before the treatment with agonist and incubated for another 60 min. IP-1 detection reagents were added as instructed by the manual from the manufacturer. The assay plates were read on a Mithras LB940 reader (Berthold Technologies, Oak Ridge, TN) using a time-resolved fluorescence ratio (665/620 nm).
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7

BRET-based μ-Opioid Receptor Translocation

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μ-OR β-arrestin translocation assay was performed using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay as originally described32 (link). In brief, HEK293T (ATCC CRL-11268, Manassas, VA) were co-transfected with cDNA encoding the μ-OR fused at the C-terminus with the Renillla reniformis luciferase (Luc8) and with the Venus-tagged β-arrestin-2 and G protein– coupled receptor kinase 2. Twenty-four hour post-transfection, cells were distributed on clear bottom white Poly-L-Lys-coated 96-well plates. The next day, cells were rinsed once with PBS and incubated 10 min in 90 μl of assay buffer (1× HBSS, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.40) containing 5 μM coelenterazine‐ h. Then cells were stimulated 15 min by the addition of 10 μl of 10× drugs diluted in assay buffer and emitted light collected using a Mithras LB-940 reader (Berthold Technologies).
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8

Quantifying CXCL8 Promoter Activity

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Promoterless NanoLuc vector (pNL1.1) was obtained from Promega (#N1001). CXCL8 promoter sequence was amplified from genomic DNA and cloned into pNL1.1 vector using XhoI (5′) and HindIII (3′) restriction sites.
For the luciferase reporter assay, U2OS cells were plated in 96-well plates (6000 cells/well), and transfected with the respective reporter and expression plasmids using Lipofectamine 2000® according to manufacturer’s manual. Medium was changed 4 and 24 h after transfections. To induce cell cycle arrest, cells were treated with nocodazole (400 ng/ml) for 16 h. Luciferase activity was analyzed 48 h after transfections, using DualGlo Luciferase Assay System (Promega) and Mithras LB 940 Reader (Berthold Technologies). Luminescence readout was normalized to luminescence of pNL1.1 to calculate fold increase of luminescence.
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9

Quantification of cAMP and IP1 signaling

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Quantification of intracellular cAMP and IP1 was performed using the HTRF-cAMP dynamic kit and the HTRF-IP1 kit, respectively, on a Mithras LB 940 reader (Berthold Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions37 (link). For cAMP assays with M2-CHO cells, the Gi-biased muscarinic agonist iper-6-phth (ref. 30 (link)) was applied.
For washout experiments, cells were pre-incubated for 1 h with FR (1 μM) and then washed three times for 5 min with 750 μl PBS, resuspended in fresh stimulation buffer, and seeded into a 384-well plate. For IP1 experiments with Gα14 and Gα16 (UMR cDNA resource center), HEK293 cells were transiently co-transfected with ORL1 cDNA using FuGENE HD transfection reagent (Promega).
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10

Transcriptional Regulation Analysis in Arabidopsis

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The effector containing transcription factors and the reporter plasmids, including firefly LUC, were prepared as described previously (Yamaguchi et al. 2010 (link)). As the effectors, full-length cDNAs were placed after the 35S CaMV promoter. For the reporter plasmids, the quadruple repeat of the 84-bp-long cisB fragment or the 85-bp-long cisC fragment was connected to a 35S minimal promoter, LUC, and a NOS terminator (Ueda et al. 2011 (link)). A plasmid containing the Renilla LUC gene driven by the 35S CaMV promoter was used as an internal control. Transient expression in Arabidopsis suspension culture “deep cells” was performed as for the BiFC assays (see above). LUC activity was assayed using the dual-LUC reporter assay system (Promega) and a Mithras LB940 reader (Berthold Technologies). To assess the efficiency of protoplast transformation, the data were used for analysis only when the firefly and Renilla LUC values both exceeded 1000.
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