Version 9

Among organisms feeding upon wild soybean, Coleopterans, Orthopterans, and Lepidopterans involved in defoliation were consistently observed across all populations within each prefecture allowing for statistical analysis. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS^® version 9.4[43 ]. A factor “Environment” was created by concatenating the site with the year of the observations. The observations within an “Environment” were grouped by each of the three growth stages (“Vegetative”, “Flowering”, and “Pod/Seed development”). If a growth stage within a year contained multiple observations, the average was used for the analysis. A log₁₀ (1+X) variance stabilizing transformation was utilized to satisfy the ANOVA assumptions. Pairwise comparisons between Coleopterans, Orthopterans, and Lepidopterans within each prefecture, year, and growth stage were defined within the ANOVA and tested using t-tests. The level of statistical significance was predetermined to 5% (α = 0.05).

In previous 28-week and 52-week studies of FC in Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia^{12 (link)}, the mean (SD) change in the dose of ESAs from baseline to week 24 was—1045.6 (2579.0) IU/week. The intended sample size was estimated to be 90 patients in total to provide 83.3% power to detect the difference in mean changes in the dose of ESAs from baseline to the EOT between the FC and control groups with a type 1 error of 5% by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Based on the full analysis set (FAS) data from the ASTRIO study (FC (n = 46), control (n = 45)), we analysed data for drug costs and RDW that were available at both baseline and EOT (FC (n = 40), control (n = 42)) for the cost-effectiveness analysis. Differences in changes in mean drug costs between the two groups were tested using Student’s t tests with a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Differences in changes in mean RDW between the two groups were tested by analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. We calculated the rate of achievement of an RDW < 15.5% using the FAS data (FC (n = 46), control (n = 45)) and analysed the differences between the groups using Fisher’s exact test at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3 or version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).