Cm 600d

Surface color of raw lamb patties was measured using a portable spectrophotometer (CM‐600D; Konica Minolta Sensing Inc., Osaka, Japan) equipped with illuminant D65, 8 mm aperture, and 10° standard observer. Lightness (L* value), redness (a* value), and yellowness (b* value) parameters were recorded from two random spots from ten patties per mixture following standard procedures (AMSA, 2012).

Appearance color index: The color appearance of the tea samples was triangulated by a portable colorimeter (CM-600d, Konica Minolta Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China). “L” represents the brightness; “a” represents the degree of red-green, “b” represents the degree of yellow-blue, “c” represents saturation; “h” represents hue angle (Hua et al., 2020 ).
Liquor color index: a Konica Minolta tabletop spectrophotometer (CM-5 type, Shanghai, China) was used to measure the value of LL, La, and Lb of the tea liquor. “LL” represents the translucent degree, “LL” represents red-green degree, and “Lb” represents yellow-blue degree (Hua et al., 2020 ).

Skin properties were evaluated by the same trained researcher in the morning before the training intervention and within a week of the last training session. After removing makeup and washing their face, participants were acclimatized for 10 min to an ambient condition in a room at a temperature of 20–22 °C and a relative humidity of 50–55%. With the participants lying in a supine position, skin elasticity, dermal echogenicity, dermal thickness, and skin tone at the center of the left cheek were measured. The elastic recovery rate was measured as skin elasticity with a suction device (Cutometer, Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) with a 2-mm diameter probe at a reduced pressure of 400 mbar; the measurement was performed by using 2 s of suction followed by 2 s of release^{24 (link),25 (link)}. The cross-sectional image of the skin was obtained with a 50-MHz ultrasound scanner (DermaScan, Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), and the number of pixels and LEPs in the upper, middle, and lower dermal layers and the dermal thickness were analyzed in B-mode^{26 (link),27 (link)}. The amount of LEPs in each dermal layer was used as a parameter for dermal structure. Skin tone was measured with a spectrophotometer (CM-600d, KONICA MINOLTA, Tokyo, Japan), and the melanin index was calculated to evaluate the participants’ sun exposure during the intervention period^{46 (link)}.

Color measurements were obtained using a colorimeter (Konica-Minolta CM600d, Tokyo, Japan), working with D65 (daylight) and an inclination of 10°. The color parameters were expressed as L* (lightness), a* (redness/greenness), and b* (yellowness/blueness) values [3 (link)]. Whiteness (WI) and yellowness (YI) indexes were calculated [17 (link)].
$$WI=L^{*}-3b^{*},$$
$$YI=\left(142.86 b^{*}\right)/L^{*}.$$

The MED was defined as the lowest dose of UVR (millijoules per centimeter square) causing a visually perceptible erythema at 24 h after UVR exposure as previously described (29 (link)). Erythemal intensity was also measured using a spectrophotometer (CM600d; Konica Minolta Sensing Europe, Gothenburg, Sweden) to provide hemoglobin index readings. These readings were performed at 24 and 72 h after UVR exposure. Additionally, hemoglobin index readings were taken at sites exposed to 3× MED UVR at 24, 48, and 72 h.

SP was placed into a 20-mm diameter transparent and colorless cell. In the case of films, the exposed area was sufficiently large in relation to the illuminated area to avoid any edge effect (19 (link)). A Minolta colorimeter (CM-600D, Tokyo, Japan) provided with a 1.5-cm diameter aperture was used at six different points across the sample surface. Hunter Lab color parameters like lightness [L = 0% (black) and L = 100% (white or maximum)], a [−a (greenness) to +a (redness)], and b [-b (blueness) to +b (yellowness)] were determined using D65 standard illuminant, and 2° standard observer. The average and standard deviation for triplicates of SP or films are reported.

The color of the dehydrated powders was measured with a tristimulus colorimeter (Konica Minolta CM-600D, Tokyo, Japan) with a D65 illuminant and a 2° observer angle, previously calibrated in the CIE Lab color space. The display was set to the CIELAB scale, with L*, a*, and b* coordinates, where L* varies between 0 (black) and 100 (white), a* varies from green (−) to red (+), and b* varies from blue (−) to yellow (+). The reported values were the average of three readings.