Succinic acid (greater than 99.5 wt%) was purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Company. 1,4-butanediol (greater than 99.5 wt%) was purchased from the Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagents Company. SA was obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Reagents Company. Tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OBu)4) (greater than 99.0 wt%) and chloroform (CHCl3) was supplied by the Tianjin Oumi Chemical Reagents Company. Chemicals were used as received. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was purchased from the Novozymes (China) Investment Company.
Succinic acid
Manufactured by Sinopharm
Sourced in China
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in plants and animals. It is a white, crystalline solid with the chemical formula C4H6O4. Succinic acid is used as a platform chemical in the production of various industrial and consumer products.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lactic acid, by Sinopharm (4 mentions)
Citric acid, by Sinopharm (4 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Sinopharm (3 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Nah2po4, by Xilong (3 mentions)
Malic acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate na2hpo4 12h2o, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Cytidine 5 monophosphate 5 cmp, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile acn, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Fumaric acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Oxalic acid, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
5 imp, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
5 amp, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Propionic acid, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid tfa, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Choline chloride, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
9 protocols using succinic acid
1
Enzymatic Synthesis of Succinic Acid
2
Analytical Characterization of Elegant Spices
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The properties of the elegant spices are summarized in Table 1 . L‐(+)‐Tartaric acid, formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, L‐(+)‐ascorbic acid, propionic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate phosphate (all AR grade), and malic acid (BR grade) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4•12H2O) (all AR grade) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). Inosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐IMP), adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐AMP), guanosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐GMP), and cytidine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐CMP) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis). Durashell AA analytical reagents, including an internal standard solution, were purchased from Tianjin Bona Agel Technology Co., Ltd. Methanol, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and acetonitrile (ACN) (all HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. Sulfosalicylic acid (AR grade) was obtained from Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
3
Fermented P. hepiali Mycelia Analysis
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The fermented mycelia of P. hepiali was provided by Zhejiang Bioasia Life Science Institute; glucose, 95% alcohol, choline chloride (ChCl), 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol, D-sorbitol, citric acid, succinic acid, urea, and other reagents were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Mannose(Man), Fucose (Fuc), Glucuronic acid (GluUA), Galacturonic acid(GalUA), Rhamnose(Rham), Ribose(Rib), Galactose (Gal), Xylose (Xyl), Glucose (Glu) and Arabinose (Ara) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Lipopolysaccharide, polymyxin B (PMB), IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α ELISA kits were purchased from HuaMei company (Wuhan, China). All other chemicals were at analytical grade.
4
Comprehensive Analysis of Sheep Tail Fat
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Sheep tail fat (Sunit sheep) was purchased from Xilingol league, Inner Mongolia. Dried ginger (Shandong Province), cassia (Guangxi Province), nutmeg (Guangdong Province), white pepper (Guangxi Province) and prickly ash (Guangxi Province) were purchased from Yonghui supermarket, Beijing. Oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Cytidine 5′-monophosphate (5′-CMP), 5′-GMP, 5′-AMP and 5′-IMP were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4·12H2O) and sodium borate decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). All these chemicals are analytical grade with purity ≥ 98%. HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile and isopropanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). Ultra-pure water was supplied by Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxylic Acids
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MET-HCl
and acetylsalicylic
acid were purchased from Jiuding Chemistry Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Formic acid, acetic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, and succinic
acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd.,
whereas cinnamic acid was purchased from Wuhan Far Cheng Co. Creation
Technology Co., Ltd. Analytical grade acetone used for crystallization
and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works. HepG2
cells (C5 passage, human hepatoma cell line) were purchased from the
National Platform of Experimental Cell Resources for Sci-Tech, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China).
and acetylsalicylic
acid were purchased from Jiuding Chemistry Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Formic acid, acetic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, and succinic
acid were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd.,
whereas cinnamic acid was purchased from Wuhan Far Cheng Co. Creation
Technology Co., Ltd. Analytical grade acetone used for crystallization
and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works. HepG2
cells (C5 passage, human hepatoma cell line) were purchased from the
National Platform of Experimental Cell Resources for Sci-Tech, Chinese
Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China).
6
Comprehensive Analysis of Huangjiu Compounds
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Four brands of commercial Huangjiu A, B, C, and D (14% vol.) were purchased from a local supermarket in Beijing. The edible alcohol (14% vol.) was purchased from Azelis Co., Ltd. Glucose and maltose were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Amino acids were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Putrescine, 2‐phenylethylamine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, fusel oil, and acetaldehyde were purchased from Banxia Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, vanillic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, furfural, vitamins C, Ca, K, and Mg were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA, DA, and NO detection kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. A high‐purity total RNA rapid extraction kit was purchased from Beijing Biotech Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A ReverTra Ace® qPCR RT Master Mix kit was purchased from Toyobo Co., Ltd. Real‐time fluorescent quantitative primers were supplied from Beijing Huada Gene Research Center. All other chemical reagents were of analytical grade.
7
Comprehensive Compound Sourcing for Research
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Ginsenoside Ro (98%), oleanolic acid (99%), Stigmasterol (95%), palmatine hydrochloride (98%), betherine (98%), epiberberine (98%), coptisine (98%), astragalin (98%), isoquercitrin (98%), baicalin (98%), wogonin (98%), chrysophanol (98%), physcion (98%) and Geniposide (98%) were sourced from the Chengdu Must Bio-technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China). Betaine (98%), nonanedioic acid (99.5%), succinic acid (90%), allantoin (98.5%), rutin (95%), β-sitosterol (95%) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (99%) were sourced from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). β-ecdysterone was sourced from J&K Scientific Ltd (Beijing, China).
8
Amino Acid and Organic Acid Analysis
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Durashell AA analysis kit contained internal standard and 17 kinds of amino acid standard, which was purchased from Agela Technologies (Tianjin, China). Oxalic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4•12H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (all AR grade), and malic acid (BR grade) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Guanosine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐GMP) disodium salt hydrate, 5′‐IMP, 5′‐AMP, and cytidine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐CMP) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo., U.S.A.). Methanol, sulfosalicylic acid, and acetonitrile (ACN) (all HPLC‐grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). The ultrapure water was purchased from Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Buffer salt I (0.05 mol/L KH2PO4) was prepared by dissolving 6.80 g KH2PO4 in 1 L water. Buffer salt II (0.01 mol/L KH2PO4) was prepared by dissolving 1.36 g KH2PO4 in 1 L water and then adjusted to pH 2.8 by 1 mol/L H3PO4.
9
Metabolomic Analysis of Herb AB
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The roots of AB were collected in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province in November 2020 (batch number: 20201114) and authenticated by Professor Ping Wang. Voucher specimens of the herb was deposited in the Moganshan campus of Zhejiang University of Technology. D2O (99.9% D) was purchased from Sigma Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). K2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 were obtained from Xilong Chemical Co (Huanggu County, Shenyang, China). Phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) was prepared by dissolving 50 mM K2HPO4/NaH2PO4 in the D2O. Standard substances, including L-valine, L-serine, L-proline, d -mannose, L-alanine, L-cysteine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-threonine, L-aspartate, L-phenylalanine, and palmitic acid were obtained from Shanghai Ryon Biological Technology Co (Qingpu County, Shanghai, China). Citrate, succinic acid, glycine, glucose, cholesterol, and stearate and were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co (Jingan County, Shanghai, China).
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