5160 pump

A voltammetric behavior experiment was performed using a 621E electrochemical analyzer (CH Instruments, Austin, TX, USA). The identification and quantification of cannabinoids were conducted using a high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) system consisting of a 5160 pump and a 5260 auto sampler (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with a LC-4C amperometric detector (BAS, West Lafayette, IN, USA). MAE experiments were performed using a MARS 5 microwave system (CEM, Matthews, NC, USA). UAE experiments were performed using a 3210 ultrasonic system (Branson, Danbury, CT, USA). SFE experiments were performed using a Spe-ed SFE supercritical fluid system consisting of an SFE oven module, SFE pump module, and SFE control and collection module (Applied Separations, Allentown, PA, USA) coupled with air compressors (JW, Taichung, Taiwan). A D-606 cooling bath (Deng Yng, New Taipei, Taiwan) was applied for HRE, SE, and SFE experiments. Microstructure analysis was performed using a Quanta 200 environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). A 108 Sputter Coater (Cressington, Watford, Hertfordshire, UK) was used for gold coating.

An HPLC-UV system was used for size-exclusion chromatography. A Hitachi 5160 pump (Hitachi Chromaster, Tokyo, Japan) was used with a 5280 autosampler, and a bioZen 1.8 μm SEC-3 analytical column Mw 10–1500 kDa (Phenomenex, Værløse, Denmark). The column temperature was 25 °C, and injection temperature was 20 °C. The mobile phase was 100 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.8. The flow rate was 0.3 mL min⁻¹ and run time was 20 min. UV detection at λ = 280 nm was used.