Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry grade acetonitrile

Quinine, 3-hydroxyquinine (3-OH quinine), and carbamazepine (internal standard [IS]) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Cells from the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [Sf]21), Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, fetal bovine serum, Cellfectin^® II Reagent, and the Bac-to-Bac™ baculovirus cell expression system were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). PrimeSTAR^® HS DNA polymerase, restriction enzymes, and a DNA ligation kit were purchased from TaKaRa Bio (Shiga, Japan). A human cDNA clone for oxidoreductase (OR) (catalog number SC100401) and a wild-type CYP3A4 cDNA clone (catalog number SC125488) were obtained from Origene (Rockville, MD, USA). Mouse monoclonal anti-OR antibody, anti-CYP3A4 antibody, and anti-CYP3 antibody were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-25270, sc-53850, and sc-365415; Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Rabbit monoclonal anti-CYP3A4 antibody was purchased from Abcam (ab 3572; Cambridge, UK). A regenerating system for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade organic solvents and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest purity available.

TaKaRa MiniBEST Whole Blood Genomic DNA Extraction Kit, PrimeSTAR HS DNA polymerase, restriction enzymes, and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Kusatsu, Japan). Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) 21 cells, fetal bovine serum, Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, Cellfectin II Reagent, and the Bac-to-Bac™ Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, United States). Tolbutamide, 4-hydroxy Tolbutamide, losartan, losartan carboxylic acid, warfarin, 7-hydroxy warfarin, diazepam and midazolam (internal standard [IS]) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Rabbit polyclonal anti-CYP2C9 antibody and mouse monoclonal anti-OR antibody were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, United States), respectively. A SuperSignal West Pico Trial Kit was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, United States). A regeneration system for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, United States). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade organic solvents and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest purity available.