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13 protocols using pma 11

1

Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Thin Films

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Example 2

Compound H19 and Compound 4 (15 wt %) were co-deposited on a quartz cell to form Film 1 having a thickness of 100 Å. Likewise, Films A to C were prepared by respectively using Compounds A to C instead of Compound 4. Afterwards, C9920-02 and PMA-11 which are manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics were used to measure a PL quantum yield of Films 1 and A to C when Films 1 and A to C were respectively excited with excitation light having a wavelength of 340 nm in a nitrogen atmosphere. Results thereof are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4
Film No.Film componentPL quantum yield (%)
1Compound 4 + H1938
ACompound A + H19<5
BCompound B + H19<5
CCompound C + H1930

Referring to Table 4, it was confirmed that Film 1 had a higher PL quantum yield than that of each of Films A to C.

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2

Wirelessly Powered Implantable LED Device

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As a wirelessly powered implantable LED device, NFC (near-field communication) LED chips (Kyoritsu Electronics Industry, Osaka, Japan; model: KP- NFLEG (λ = 530 nm), size: 7.0 × 11.0 × 0.8 mm, weight: ~ 20 mg) were encapsulated with a UV-curable resin based on urethane polymer (STAR Lab Cosmetics, Osaka, Japan).
A handmade antenna board was used for the wireless power supply. An electromagnetic induction system was used for the power supply system with a resonance frequency of 13.56 MHz and the transmission power was 3 W. The antenna board can provide power supply with a transmission distance ranging from 0 to 105 mm from the upper side of the antenna board. The size of the antenna board was 310 mm (w) × 230 mm (d) × 105 mm (h), which was sufficient for covering the size of a mouse cage.
The central wavelength of light emitted from the LED device was confirmed using a photonic multichannel spectral analyzer system (PMA-11, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan). The light intensity of each LED device was measured using a power meter with a photo-diode sensor (PD300-UV, Ophir, Saitama, Japan) and LED devices with a power of 50–60 µW were selected and used for the mPDT experiment. Devices in which wires had been mechanically broken were used as non-emitting devices for controls.
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3

Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy

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UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu UV-2550 spectrometer with a resolution of 0.5 nm. Emission spectra were recorded on an Edinburgh fls980 spectrometer with a resolution of 0.4 nm and automatically corrected by instrumental function. Dilute solutions in degassed spectral grade dichloromethane in a 1-cm square quartz cell were used for measurements. Absolute fluorescence quantum yields were determined with a Hamamatsu C9920-02 calibrated integrating sphere system equipped with a multichannel spectrometer (PMA-11).
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4

Fabrication of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

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The substrates were cleaned with ultrapurified water and organic solvents (acetone, then isopropanol), and then dry-cleaned for 30 min through exposure to UV–ozone. Organic layers were deposited onto ITO substrates under vacuum (=10−5 Pa), successively. LiF and Al were patterned using a shadow mask with an array of 2 mm × 2 mm openings without breaking the vacuum (=10−5 Pa). The electroluminescent (EL) were taken using an optical multichannel analyzer Hamamatsu Photonics PMA-11. The current density–voltage and luminance–voltage characteristics were measured using a Keithley 2400 source measure unit and a Minolta CS200 luminance meter, respectively.
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5

Characterization of Optoelectronic Devices

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Film thickness was measured using Dektek8 profile meter, and the sheet resistivity of ITO film was measured utilizing a conventional four-probe technique. Surface roughness was analyzed using a Bruker Dimension Icon atomic force microscope. The optical transmittance of ITO film was measured using a Shimadzu UV-3150UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. To characterize the bulk-heterojunction inverted OPV, current density–voltage curves were recorded using a Keithley 2400 source measure unit. Light intensity was determined by a monosilicon detector (with a KG-5 visible color filter) calibrated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to reduce spectral mismatch. For the characterization of the top-emission white phosphorescent OLED unit, EL spectra were acquired using an optical multichannel analyzer (Hamamatsu Photonics PMA-11). Current density–voltage and luminance–voltage curves were recorded using a Keithley source measure unit 2400 and a KonicaMinolta CS200 luminance meter, respectively. External quantum efficiencies were calculated from front luminances, current densities and EL spectra.
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6

Optical Characterization of Samples

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A polarizing optical microscope (Nikon, Eclipse LV-100 POL) was used to observe the optical texture of the samples. The reflectance and transmittance spectra were acquired with a spectrometer (PMA-11, Hamamatsu) coupled to the microscope by a bundled fiber with diameter of 1 mm and an objective lens with 10× magnification. The measurement spot was approximately 100 µm in diameter, which is larger than the patterning pitch (2.6 × 2.6 μm2). The interferogram of the cell was obtained with an in-house-built interferometric microscope14 (link).
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7

Chiral Liquid Crystal Waveguide Protocol

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For the experiments in Figs. 2 and 3, the left-handed ChLC material was prepared by mixing a LC mixture (Merck, MLC-2140) with a left-handed chiral dopant (HCCH, S-5011) at a weight ratio of 98.8:1.2. For the waveguide experiment (Fig. 5), the two materials were mixed at a slightly different weight ratio of 97.7:1.3. In all experiments, the ChLCs were injected into the patterned cells in the isotropic phase (100 °C) and cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.3 °C/min. The reflection spectrum was measured using a home-built microscope setup equipped with a ×4 objective and an optical fiber with 1 mm diameter coupled to a spectrometer (Hamamatsu, PMA-12). The transmission spectrum was measured on a polarizing optical microscope (Nikon, LV-100-POL) equipped with a ×10 objective and a 1 mm-thick optical fiber coupled to a spectrometer (Hamamatsu, PMA-11).
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8

Efficiency Enhanced Solution-Processed OLED

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A solution processed OLED was fabricated with a structure of [ITO (130 nm)/PEDOT:PSS (40 nm)/3a (1 and 5 wt%) doped CBP (30 nm)/B4PYMPM (50 nm)/Liq (3 nm)/Al (100 nm)]. A 40 nm of PEDOT:PSS (CH8000) film as a hole injection layer (HIL) was spin-coated on an ITO substrate and annealed at 200°C in air. Then, a 30 nm of 1 or 5 wt% 3a-doped CBP film as an emitting layer (EML) was spin-coated from a THF solution (5 mg ml−1) and annealed at 60°C for 10 min B4PYMPM as an electron-transporting layer (ETL) and Liq/Al as a cathode were thermally evaporated under vacuum. The current density (J) – luminance (L) – voltage (V) characteristics of the OLEDs were measured by a Keithley source meter 2,400 and a Konica Minolta CS-200, respectively. Electroluminescence (EL) spectra were taken by an optical multichannel analyzer, Hamamatsu PMA 11. The angular dependence of luminous intensity was measured using a Keithley source measure unit 2,400 and a Minolta CS2000. External quantum efficiencies were calculated from the front luminance, current density and EL spectrum.
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9

Optical Fiber Light Coupling in SOWG

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In the current system, direct insertion of optical fiber into a glycerol drop put on SOWG has been utilized for a lightcoupling forward core layer. White light from a Xe lamp transmitted through optical fiber was guided to SOWG by a glycerol drop laid on SOWG surface. SOWG transmittance spectra were measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector that includes a monochromator (PMA-11, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Japan).
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10

Optical Fiber Coupled Light Absorption Measurement

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In the current system, the direct insertion of an optical fiber into a glycerol drop put on SOWG has been utilized for the light coupling forward core layer. The white light from the Xe lamp transmitted through optical fiber was guided to SOWG by a glycerol drop laid on the SOWG surface. SOWG transmittance spectra were measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, which included a monochromator (PMA-11, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., Japan).
To evaluate the adsorption ability of cyt.c on the ITO electrode surface, the PBS solution in the SOWG cell was continuously exchanged by using a pipette (PIETMAN, M&S Instruments Inc., Japan) by hand. This process is described as washing process in this manuscript. In this process, 0.8 mL of PBS solution in the cell attaching to the ITO electrode surface was extracted, and the same amount of the fresh PBS solution was supplied to the cell by using a micropipette so as to never expose the electrode surface to the air, and repeated 100 times or more in one experiment.
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