An unscathed, untreated right ET of a fresh carcass of a blackface sheep (no. 211) from the above-mentioned study 13/1283 was dissected. Preparation of the tissue followed the protocol provided by Pohl et al. [36 (link)]. Briefly, after dissection, the specimen was fixed in formalin (3.5%, pH 7.4; C. Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) for two weeks. In contrast to the earlier published protocol [41 (link)], before embedding, three Sterican® standard needles (0.9 mm x 70 mm; B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) were placed by hand in the soft tissue as parallel as possible to the course of the tube as landmarks for the later reconstruction of the sample. Care was taken to remain with the needles outside the cartilaginous ET. The tissue block was dehydrated by using an increasing ethanol series (70%, 80%, 90%, 100%; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and embedded in methyl methacrylate (MMA; Merck). The received block was additionally referenced for further control with the milling of three opposing grooves.
Methyl methacrylate mma
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a clear, colorless liquid used as a raw material in the production of various polymers and resins. It is a key component in the manufacturing of acrylic plastics, coatings, and adhesives. MMA possesses a low viscosity and is miscible with a wide range of organic solvents.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate egdma, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Styrene st, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Azobisisobutyronitrile aibn, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzoyl peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methane dichloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Avance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Guanidine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dmso d6, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Toluene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Itaconic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Succinic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hydroquinone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Zinc acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl itaconate dmi, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Neutral aluminumoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chlorite naclo2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
27 protocols using methyl methacrylate mma
1
Embedding Sheep Ear Tissue in MMA
2
Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
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Bisphenol A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA.GDA) (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim am Albuch, Germany) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, ≥97.5%) (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim am Albuch, Germany) were used as monomers in the polymerization reaction. Moreover, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylaceto-phenone (Irqacure® 651) was applied (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim am Albuch, Germany) as the photoinitiator of polymerization. In both systems, methyl methacrylate (MMA, ≥99.0%) (Merck, Darm-stadt, Germany) was employed as an active solvent. The PC (polycarbonate) was pur-chased from Lotte Chemical (Seoul, South Korea), density 1.15–1.25 g/cm3, molecular weight >1.000 g/mol. Methane dichloride (99.8%) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as a solvent for commercial PC. Structures of listed reagents are presented in Figure 1 . For swelling test, we used the acetone (99.5%) and hydrochloric acid (36.5–38.0%) from Merck. The purified water was provided by Millipore UMCS (Lublin, Poland).
3
Preparation and Characterization of Electrolyte Components
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Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) (BASF) and lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) (BASF) salts were dried under reduced pressure of 1 ×10−3 mbar for 2 days at 120 °C and 110 °C respectively, while ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) (both BASF, SelectilyteTM) and additives (vinylene carbonate (VC) (BASF, SelectilyteTM) and 1-propene-1,3-sultone (PES) (>98%, TCI Chemicals)) were used as received. Impurity content and water level were analysed by coulometric Karl-Fischer titration (Metrohm 851 Titrando) and liquid 1H, 1F, 13C-NMR (Bruker AVANCE, 300 MHz or 400 MHz). Methyl methacrylate (MMA) (99%, Merck) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (Mn = 750 g mol−1, Merck) were stored on molecular sieve (3 Å) for one week before use. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%, Merck) was used as received.
4
Purification and Preparation of Solvents
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DMSO and acetonitrile solvents were purified according to standard practices. Deuterated solvents (DMSO-d6 and D2O), guanidine hydrochloride (GHC) and ammonium persulfate (PSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (subsidiary of Merck) and used without additional purification. Methylmethacrylate (MMA), purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was distilled in argon flow at 150 mm Hg, temperature range 44–46 °C.
5
Synthesis of Itaconic Acid-Based Resins
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The itaconic acid, succinic acid, 1,2-propandiol, hydroquinone and toluene were supplied from Acros Organics. The catalyst, zinc acetate, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The initiator, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO), and reactive diluents used for preparation of cured resins, dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), were all supplied by Sigma Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received.
6
Delignification and Polymer Impregnation of Birch Wood
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Silver birch wood (Betula pendula, purchased from Glimakra of Sweden AB) with an oven-dried density
of 620 kg/m3 was used as a raw material. Specimens with
dimensions of 2 cm × 2 cm × 0.5 mm and 2 cm × 2 cm
× 1.5 mm were prepared. More specimens were prepared for mechanical
testing with dimensions of 5 mm × 60 mm × 1.5 mm. Sodium
chlorite (NaClO2, Alfa Aesar), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)
(AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), and PEG (Sigma-Aldrich) with a molecular weight
of 1000 g mol–1 were used as received. Methyl methacrylate
(MMA, Sigma-Aldrich) was passed through a column of neutral aluminum
oxide (Sigma-Aldrich) prior to use to remove the inhibitor.
of 620 kg/m3 was used as a raw material. Specimens with
dimensions of 2 cm × 2 cm × 0.5 mm and 2 cm × 2 cm
× 1.5 mm were prepared. More specimens were prepared for mechanical
testing with dimensions of 5 mm × 60 mm × 1.5 mm. Sodium
chlorite (NaClO2, Alfa Aesar), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)
(AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich), and PEG (Sigma-Aldrich) with a molecular weight
of 1000 g mol–1 were used as received. Methyl methacrylate
(MMA, Sigma-Aldrich) was passed through a column of neutral aluminum
oxide (Sigma-Aldrich) prior to use to remove the inhibitor.
7
Covalent Immobilization of CalB Lipase
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Lipase B form Candida antarctica (lipozyme CalB) was a kind gift from Novozymes (Bagsværde, Denmark). CalB immo Plus was purchased from c-LEcta, Germany. Copper bromide, N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methyl methacrylate (MMA), 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, oleic acid (88%), and tetramethyl orthosilicate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich/Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate were from abcr (Karlsruhe, Germany). Acetonitrile, ascorbic acid, anisole, ethanol (abs.), glutaraldehyde (25%), isopropyl alcohol, methanol, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and pyridine were from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). MMA was purified using an aluminum oxide column followed by distillation before polymerization and isopropyl alcohol was dried with molecular sieves. All other chemicals were used as received.
8
Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polymers
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2-Bromopropionic acid,
acetone, acetonitrile,
anhydrous ethyl ether, hexanes, hydrochloric acid (37%), anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, methanol, methylene chloride (DCM), potassium hydroxide,
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, HPLC-grade
tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (≥99%) (DCC) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethanol was purchased from Decon
Laboratories. 1,4-Dioxane, 2-bromoethanol (95%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
(≥99%) (DMAP), benzyl alcohol, n-butyl acrylate
(nBA), copper(I) bromide (99.999%), copper(I) chloride (>99.995%),
ethyl acetate (99.5%), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
(PMDETA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,3,3-Trimethylindolenine
(>97.0+ %) and 3-chloromethyl-5-nitrosalicylaldehyde
were purchased from TCI Chemicals. Phosphotungstic acid was purchased
from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm)
was obtained from a Synergy water purification system (MilliporeSigma).
The monomers (nBA and MMA) were filtered through activated neutral
alumina immediately before use to remove inhibitor. The initiator,
SPBr2, was synthesized following the literature procedure
(see theSupporting Information ). All other
reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted.
acetone, acetonitrile,
anhydrous ethyl ether, hexanes, hydrochloric acid (37%), anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, methanol, methylene chloride (DCM), potassium hydroxide,
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, HPLC-grade
tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (≥99%) (DCC) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethanol was purchased from Decon
Laboratories. 1,4-Dioxane, 2-bromoethanol (95%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
(≥99%) (DMAP), benzyl alcohol, n-butyl acrylate
(nBA), copper(I) bromide (99.999%), copper(I) chloride (>99.995%),
ethyl acetate (99.5%), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
(PMDETA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,3,3-Trimethylindolenine
(>97.0
were purchased from TCI Chemicals. Phosphotungstic acid was purchased
from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm)
was obtained from a Synergy water purification system (MilliporeSigma).
The monomers (nBA and MMA) were filtered through activated neutral
alumina immediately before use to remove inhibitor. The initiator,
SPBr2, was synthesized following the literature procedure
(see the
reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Methacrylate-based Polymers
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Methyl methacrylate (MMA), molecular weight: 110.12 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), molecular weight: 99.13 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), molecular weight: 164.21 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich. 2-Mercaptoethanol (ME), molecular weight: 262 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich. Ethyl acetate (EAc), molecular weight: 118 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich. 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), molecular weight: 250 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich. Polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), molecular weight: 1000 g/mole, from: Sigma-Aldrich.
10
Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Styrene (St) (Pure ≥ 99%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were purified by passing through a column pack with neutral and basic aluminum oxide (Purum, Fluka, Honeywell, NC, USA). Acrylic acid (AA) (ACS reagent, Sigma-Aldrich) was distilled before use. Divinyl benzene (DVB) (Technical grade 80%, Fluka), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Mw = 58000–124,000, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium persulfate (KPS) (ACS 99%, Fluka), potassium hydroxide (KOH) (85%, Sigma-Aldrich), oleic acid (OA) (Pharma grade, Panreac, ITW, Glenview, IL, USA), hexadecane (HD) (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (98.5% GC, Sigma-Aldrich), and zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn (CH3COO)2·2H2O) (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. Ethanol (95%, RCI Labscan, Bangkok, Thailand), cyclohexane (≥99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), and deionized (DI) water were applied throughout the work.
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