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6 protocols using seccosolv

1

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Protocol

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Acetic acid ca. 100% (Bang & Co.) or Emprove (Merck). Acrylamide (99.9%) and N,N′-methylene-bis-Acrylamide (electrophoresis purity) (Bio-Rad). Agarose (GTG Agarose, Biometra). Ammonium persulfate (electrophoresis purity) (Bio-Rad). β-Mercaptoethanol puriss (Fluka). Boric acid p.a. (Merck). Bromophenol blue (Merck). Coomassie Brilliant Blue R 250 (Serva). Cytochrome-C, type III (Sigma C-2506). DL-dithiothreitol (Sigma D-0632). DNA from Calf Thymus Type I, Na salt, highly polymerized, (Sigma D-1501). Ethidium bromide (Sigma E8751). Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt p.a. (Merck). Gel Drying Films (Promega). Glycine p.a. (Riedel-deHaën 33226). Methanol p.a. or SeccoSolv (Merck). Myoglobin from Horse Heart (Sigma M-9267). Plasmid pCaMVCN (Pharmacia) 4177 bp, linearized with Cla I (NEB). Precision Protein Standards (Bio-Rad 161-0362) with given molar masses of 250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 15, & 10 kDa. 2-propanol, p.a. Emsure or SeccoSolv (Merck). RNA, soluble from Yeast, Type III (Sigma R-7125). Sodium dodecyl sulphate (BDH 44215). TEMED (electrophoresis purity) (Bio-Rad). Tris, Trizma preset pH, base and HCl (Sigma).
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Abiraterone

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Abiraterone, and the deuterated stable isotope-labeled D4-Abiraterone were obtained from Alsachim (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). Dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO, Seccosolv), and Acetonitrile(ACN) (Lichrosolv) were provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). High purity Milli-Q water was produced in the laboratory using a MilliQ Gradient water purification system (Millipore, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Cellstar Tubes (5 and 50 ml) were provided by Greiner Bio-one (Alphen a/d Rijn, The Netherlands). Polypropylene Screw Vials and Safe Lock Tubes were supplied by Agilent (Amstelveen, The Netherlands) and Eppendorf (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) respectively. EDTA plasma was prepared from EDTA whole blood provided by Sanquin (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
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3

Ultrastructural Analysis of SPIONs in MCF-7 Cells

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MCF-7 cells grown on coverslips in 24-well plates (BD Falcon) were incubated with 0.25 mg ml−1 SPION for different times. Samples were washed with PBS and fixed with a mixture of 2 % paraformaldehyde (Polysciences Inc.) and 2.5 % glutaraldehyde (TAAB Laboratories) in PBS (1 h, room temperature). The cell monolayer was washed with PBS and distilled water, post-fixed (45 min) with 1 % osmium tetroxide in PBS (TAAB Laboratories), washed with distilled water, treated (45 min) with 1 % aqueous uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences), dehydrated with increasing concentrations of ethanol (SeccoSolv; Merck) and embedded in epoxy resin EML-812 (TAAB Laboratories; 2 day, room temperature). Resin-containing gelatin capsules (TAAB) were placed on coverslips and polymerised (2 days, 60 °C). Resin blocks were detached from coverslips by successive immersion in liquid nitrogen and hot water. Ultrathin 70 nm-thick sections were obtained with the Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems), transferred to 200 mesh nickel EM grids (Gilder) and stained with 3 % aqueous uranyl acetate (20 min) and lead citrate (2 min). Sections were visualised on a JEOL JEM 1200 EXII electron microscope (operating at 100 kV). Micrographs were taken with a Gatan Erlangshen ES 1000 W digital camera at various magnifications.
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4

Murine Anti-IGF-1 Antibody Labeling

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Murine monoclonal anti–IGF-1 antibodies, derived from the scaffold and other conventional IGF-1 immunization campaigns, were produced in hybridoma cultures and purified from the cell culture supernatant. Antibodies and fragments thereof were biotinylated and ruthenylated. The lysine ϵ-amino groups of the antibodies were modified at protein concentrations of ∼10 mg/ml with N-hydroxy-succinimide activated biotin and ruthenium labels, respectively. The label/protein molar ratio varied from 2:1 to 5:1, depending on the respective antibody fragments. The reaction buffer was 150 mm sodium phosphate (pH 8.0), 50 mm NaCl, 1 mm EDTA. The reaction was carried out at room temperature for 15 min and was stopped by adding buffered l-lysine to a final concentration of 10 mm. To avoid hydrolytic inactivation of the labels, the respective stock solutions were prepared in dried DMSO (SeccoSolv®, Merck). DMSO concentrations up to 15% in the reaction buffer were well-tolerated by all antibody variants studied. After the coupling reaction, unreacted free label was removed by passing the crude protein conjugate over a gel-filtration column (Superdex 200 HiLoad).
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5

Quantification of Enzalutamide and Metabolites

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Enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide, and the deuterated stable isotope-labeled D6-enzalutamide were obtained from Alsachim (Illkirch, France); dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO, Seccosolv) and acetonitrile (ACN) (Lichrosolv) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). High-purity Milli-Q water was produced in the laboratory using a MilliQ Gradient water purification system (Millipore, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Cellstar tubes (5 and 50 mL) were purchased from Greiner Bio-one (Alphen a/d Rijn, The Netherlands). Polypropylene screw vials and safe lock tubes were purchased from Agilent (Amstelveen, The Netherlands) and Eppendorf (Nijmegen, The Netherlands), respectively. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma was prepared from EDTA whole blood obtained from Sanquin (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
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6

Electrolyte Preparation and Characterization

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The electrolytes were prepared from methanol (max. water content 0.003 %, SeccoSolv, Merck), acetic acid (≥99 %, HiPerSolv CHROMANORM, VWR Chemicals), anhydrous LiOH (98 %, Alfa Aesar), NEt3 (99 %, Alfa Aesar), and ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm) from a Milli‐Q IQ 7000 system (Merck). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. The water content of the used electrolytes was measured using a Karl Fischer 917 Coulometer (Metrohm). All electrolytes were prepared and the water content was determined in an Ar‐filled glovebox (MBraun), where H2O and O2 contents were kept below 0.1 ppm. Determined water contents of electrolytes: methanol containing 1 mol L−1 acetic acid and 0.1 mol L−1 base: LiOH: 2275 ppm, NEt3: 65 ppm, NEt3 and 0.1 mol L−1 H2O: 2305 ppm.
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