Sodium hexametaphosphate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Sodium hexametaphosphate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a dispersing agent, sequestering agent, and chelating agent. The compound helps to control water hardness and inhibit the precipitation of certain ions. It is commonly used in water treatment, food processing, and other industrial processes.

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Sodium hexametaphosphate crystalline (2 citations) Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) (2 citations)

14 protocols using sodium hexametaphosphate

Cellulose Fiber Functionalization Process

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Commercial cellulose fibers
(ARBOCEL BC1000) with an average length of 700 μm were kindly
provided by J. Rettenmaier and Sohne. Branched poly(ethylene imine)
(BPEI, M_w ∼25,000 Da by light scattering, M_n ∼10,000 by gel permeation chromatography,
according to the material datasheet), chitosan (low molecular weight,
<20,000 Da and 75–85% deacetylated chitin, according to
the material datasheet), acetic acid, and sodium hexametaphosphate
(crystalline, +200 mesh, 96%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee,
WI). All reagents were used as received for preparing stable water-based
solutions by simple solubilization using 18.2 MΩ deionized water
supplied by a Q20 Millipore system (Italy). More specifically, chitosan
was solubilized in a 1% wt acetic acid aqueous solution and kept under
magnetic stirring overnight in order to be completely solubilized.
BPEI and SHMP were dissolved in water to 0.1 and 0.5% wt concentrations,
respectively, by means of magnetic stirring for 1 h.

Marcioni M., Zhao M., Maddalena L., Pettersson T., Avolio R., Castaldo R., Wågberg L, & Carosio F. (2023). Layer-by-Layer-Coated Cellulose Fibers Enable the Production of Porous, Flame-Retardant, and Lightweight Materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(30), 36811-36821.

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Hydrogel Fabrication from PEGDA Monomers

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Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, MW = 575 Da), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), potassium monobasic phosphate (phosphate), sodium hexametaphosphate (polyphosphate, (NaPO₃)_n MW = 101.9618*n)), potassium persulfate (KPS), sorbitan monooleate (SPAN80), PEG (20) sorbitan monolaurate (TWEEN20), cyclohexane, acetone, sodium citrate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and tryptic soy broth (TSB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Agar was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Tryptone was purchased from EMD Millipore. Monomethyl ether hydroquinone (MEHQ) inhibitor (400–600 ppm) was removed from the PEGDA monomer by running the stock solution through a prepacked column (Sigma Aldrich). Sodium hydroxide inhibitor was removed from the NVP monomer by passing the stock solution through a 0.2 µm syringe filter. All other chemicals were used as received.

Yin Y., Papavasiliou G., Zaborina O.Y., Alverdy J.C, & Teymour F. (2016). De Novo Synthesis and Functional Analysis of Polyphosphate-Loaded Poly(Ethylene) Glycol Hydrogel Nanoparticles Targeting Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a Model Intestinal Pathogen. Annals of biomedical engineering, 45(4), 1058-1068.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

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1H-Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride (21,678) was purchased from Chem-Impex International, 4-methoxyphenol (M0123) and triethylamine (TEA) (T0424) from TCI Chemicals, and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA·HCl) (21,200) from Polysciences, Inc. Anhydrous ethyl ether (EE) (E138-20), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (D131-4), acetone (A18-20), methanol (A412-20), glacial acetic acid (A38C-212), HPLC grade acetonitrile (A998-4) and TFA (A116-10X1) were purchased from Fisher Chemical. 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (V501) (11590) and sodium hexametaphosphate (96%, 305553) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methacrylamide (MAA) (L15013) was from Alfa Aesar, deuterium oxide (DLM-4–100) from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., LiBr (151561) and NaCl (102892) from MP Biomedicals. Doxorubicin HCl (B0084-064210) was purchased from BOC Sciences. Iohexol (USP) and iopamidol (USP) were obtained from Divi’s Laboratories Limited. Tantalum (Ta) powder (TA-102) was purchased from Atlantic Equipment Engineers.

Stewart R.J., Sima M., Karz J, & Jones J.P. (2023). Material characterization of GPX®: A versatile in situ solidifying embolic platform technology. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, 1095148.

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Micronized Sugar Beet Pulp Characterization

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Micronised sugar beet pulp powder (particle size range 20–200 

μ m

, average approximately 90

μ m

) was provided by Efficiency Technologies (Milton Keynes, UK). Sodium hexametaphosphate, hydrogen chloride (37% w/w HCl), sodium hydroxide (50% w/w NaOH) and isopropanol (IPA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Dorset, UK).

Mao Y., Lei R., Ryan J., Arrutia Rodriguez F., Rastall B., Chatzifragkou A., Winkworth-Smith C., Harding S.E., Ibbett R, & Binner E. (2019). Understanding the influence of processing conditions on the extraction of rhamnogalacturonan-I “hairy” pectin from sugar beet pulp. Food Chemistry: X, 2, 100026.

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Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Anchovy Oil Formulation

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Hydroxytyrosol was purchased from Biotain Pharma Co., Ltd. (Xiamen, Fujian, China) and its purity was confirmed by HPLC, NMR and LC-MS. Anchovy oil was provided by Lipa Pharmaceuticals Pty. Ltd. (Minto, NSW, Australia). Transglutaminase (Activa^® KS–LS) was purchased from Ajinomoto (Tokyo, Japan). Gelatin, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic (ABTS), alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta-carotene, immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica B, fatty acids, Hydroxytyrosol standard and gas chromatography standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, Australia). EPA-ethyl ester (EPA-EE) was provided by Photonz Corporation (Auckland, New Zealand) and was converted to free fatty acid (FFA) as previously reported [8 (link)]. Thin layer chromatography standards were purchased from Nu-Chek Prep (Elysian, MN, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Akanbi T.O, & Barrow C.J. (2018). Lipase-Produced Hydroxytyrosyl Eicosapentaenoate is an Excellent Antioxidant for the Stabilization of Omega-3 Bulk Oils, Emulsions and Microcapsules. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(2), 275.

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Synthesis of Antimicrobial CHX-HMP Nanoparticles

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Aqueous stock solutions of chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hexametaphosphate (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) were mixed in deionized water such that the final concentration was 4 mM CHX and 5 mM HMP. The resulting colloidal suspension of CHX-HMP nanoparticles was mixed thoroughly and then centrifuged at 21000 g for 60 min. The supernatant was removed and discarded and the nanoparticle pellet dried for at least 48 h at 40°C. The pellet was then removed from the centrifuge tubes and ground to a fine white powder composed of nanoparticle aggregates using an agate mortar and pestle. Further details regarding the properties of CHX-HMP nanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy can be found elsewhere
[9 (link)].

Hook E.R., Owen O.J., Bellis C.A., Holder J.A., O’Sullivan D.J, & Barbour M.E. (2014). Development of a novel antimicrobial-releasing glass ionomer cement functionalized with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 12, 3.

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Aqueous Mineral Compound Synthesis

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The following reagents were used: glutaric acid (C₅H₈O₄, ≥99.0%, H₂(Glr), Sigma-Aldrich), potassium hydroxycitrate tribasic monohydrate (K₃(C₆H₅O₈)·H₂O, ≥ 95.0%, (K₃(CitOH), Sigma-Aldrich), sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (Na₃(C₆H₅O₇)·2H₂O, ≥ 99.0%, (Na₃(Cit), Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hexametaphosphate ((NaPO₃)₆, ≥96.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥ 99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O, ≥ 99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), and calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O, ≥ 99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich). All the solutions were made with ultrapure water (Arium pro, Sartorius).

Degli Esposti L., Adamiano A., Siliqi D., Giannini C, & Iafisco M. (2021). The effect of chemical structure of carboxylate molecules on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. A structural and morphological study. Bioactive Materials, 6(8), 2360-2371.

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Gelatin Methacryloyl-Based Bioactive Hydrogel

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Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA, EFL-GM-30) was purchased from EFL Technology Company (Suzhou, China). Imidazole, EDC-HCL, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) anhydrous cerium chloride, alcohol, and 3 % H₂O₂ are provided by Sigma Aldrich. Isopropyl myristate and dehydrated sorbitol oleate (Span 80) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents can be used without further purification.

Liu J., Zhou Z., Hou M., Xia X., Liu Y., Zhao Z., Wu Y., Deng Y., Zhang Y., He F., Xu Y, & Zhu X. (2024). Capturing cerium ions via hydrogel microspheres promotes vascularization for bone regeneration. Materials Today Bio, 25, 100956.

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Disposable Face Mask Characterization

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Disposable medical face masks were obtained from a public pharmaceutical store (Matador) in Akure city, Nigeria. The 3-ply face masks (blue and white in color) consist of three layers. The masks were the commonly used type, having nose strips consisting of a thin metal piece, coated on the outside with a non-woven fabric material. This medical face mask type was used in all the experiments.
Chemical reagents including isopropanol, ethanol, beta-mercaptoethanol, sodium hexametaphosphate (Calgon), disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) ingredients were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Tryptic soy agar (TSA) and carbohydrate reagents (glucose, lactose, fructose, dextrose, maltose, tryptose, and sucrose) were obtained from Loba Chemie, India. Chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1) for DNA extraction was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (UK).

Idowu G.A., Olalemi A.O, & Ileke K.D. (2022). COVID-19 face masks attracted Cellulomonas and Acinetobacter bacteria and provided breeding haven for red cotton bug (Dysdercus suturellus) and house cricket (Acheta domesticus). Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(9), 23510-23526.

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Extraction and Characterization of Plant-Based Gums

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Instant whey protein concentrate (81.6 %w/w protein in dry matter) was obtained from Sachsenmilch Leppersdorf GmbH (Wachau, Germany). High and low methoxyl pectin (HMP and LMP) were provided from CP Kelco Co. (Lille Skensved, Denmark). Xanthan, guar and locust bean gums, as well as sodium hexametaphosphate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (Roseville, Canada). Both i-and k-carrageenans were supplied by Fluka Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Phosphoric acid, citric acid, NaOH and sodium azide were also provided by Merck Chemicals Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Persian gum lumps (PG, Amygdalus scoparia Spach) and gum tragacanth ribbons (GT, Astragalus compactus) were purchased from a local herbal store (Tehran, Iran). They were then grinded, sieved (# -60) and stored in sealed containers as powder. Sugar and cacao powder were purchased from a local supermarket (Tehran, Iran). Aloe vera flavor powder was purchased from flavor and fragrance company (Givaudan, Brazil).

Rasouli M., Abbasi S., Azarikia F, & Ettelaie R. (2020). On the heat stability of whey protein: Effect of sodium hexametaphosphate. International journal of dairy technology., 73(1).

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