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5 protocols using troglitazone

1

Liver Metabolism and Toxicology Protocols

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Troglitazone, clozapine, tienilic acid, and acetaminophen were purchased from Tocris Biosciences, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively, and used without further purification. Other compounds and probes were synthesized and routes and analytical characterization are described in Supplementary Material. Mouse liver S9 fraction was obtained as an equal mix of male and female, samples from Xenotech, Lenexa, KS. All mouse studies were performed following protocols that received approval from The Scripps Research Institute–Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee office.
See Supplementary Methods sections for detailed experimental procedures.
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2

Differentiation of MEFs to Adipocytes

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Primary MEFs were differentiated to adipocytes using the protocol of Fei et al.71 (link) with minor modifications. In brief, 1 × 106 MEFs (passage 3 or 4) were plated in six-well plates in DMEM-10% supplemented with 0.5 mM methylisobutylxanthine (Sigma, I7018), 1 M dexamethasone (DEX), 10 g/ml insulin and 10 M troglitazone (Tocris Bioscience, 3114/10). This media was kept for 3 days, and then replaced with DMEM-10% for another 2 days. After 5 days in culture 4-OHT was added to the culture twice for Mof deletion. For downstream analysis, cells were harvested before differentiation (MEFs) and after differentiation (iAdipo) followed or not by Mof deletion.
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3

Regulation of AMPK and SREBP Signaling

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Capsaicin (CAP), AICAR, dorsomorphin (also named compound C), troglitazone and GW9662 were obtained from Tocris (Ellisville, MO, USA). BODIPY (493/503) and STO-609 (a CaMKKβ inhibitor) were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-pAMPKα1-Thr172, anti-AMPK, anti-pACC-Ser79, anti-ACC, anti-pSREBP-1c-Ser372, anti-pAKT-Ser473, anti-AKT, anti-pmTOR-Ser2248, anti-mTOR, anti-pS6-Thr389, anti-S6, anti-p62 from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), anti-SREBP, anti-CD36, anti-PPARα from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), anti-PPARγ from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), anti-PGC-1α, anti-LC3B from Novus Biologicals (Abingdon, UK) and anti-β-tubulin from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Adipocyte Differentiation Reagents

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Oxysterols, oil red O stain and GW3965 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Dexamethasone (DEX), Insulin and 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), cyclopamine and purmorphamine were purchased from Cayman chemical company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Troglitazone was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Penicilin, streptomycin and L-glutamate were purchased from Mediatech, Inc (Manassas, VA, USA).
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5

Characterization of Lymphoma Cell Lines

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CB33, SUDHL4 and SUDHL6 cells provided by R. Dalla-Favera (Columbia University, NY) were maintained in IMDM (Life Technology), supplemented with 10% FBS (Gemini) and antibiotics. The HF1 follicular cell line provided by R. Levy (Stanford University, CA) was maintained in DMEM (Life Technology), supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells were tested negative for mycoplasma. Cells were not further authenticated. Antibodies: rabbit anti-MYC (XP) (Cell Signaling Technology); rabbit anti-FOXM1 and mouse anti-GAPDH (SantaCruz); rabbit anti-HMGA1, anti-ATF5, anti-NFYB, mouse anti-TFDP1 (Abcam). Alprostadil, Clemastine, Cytarabine and Troglitazone (Tocris), Econazole nitrate and Promazine hydrochloride (Sigma) were reconstituted in DMSO (Sigma).
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