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5 protocols using potassium oxalate monohydrate

1

Ferrioxalate-Catalyzed Degradation of 124-TCB

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124-TCB (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany, ≥99%) was used as the target pollutant. The ferrioxalate solution, the catalyst of the process, was prepared using potassium oxalate monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.50%) and iron (III) sulphate hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, 97%). Hydrogen peroxide (35 wt.%), titanium oxysulfate (used for the quantification of Hydrogen peroxide), sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, acetone (used for Ionic Chromatography analysis), 1,10-phenanthroline, sodium acetate (used in the measurement of iron in solution), n-hexane, tetrachloroethane, butyl cyclohexyl (used in COC determination by GC), NaOH (for pH adjustment), catalase, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The bacteria Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® Acute Reagent, Azur Environmental, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was supplied by I.O. Analytical. All the stock solutions and their dilutions were prepared with high-purity water from a Millipore Direct-Q system (Millipore Corporation, Burlington, MA, USA) (resistivity >18 MΩ cm at 25 °C).
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2

Preparation of Buffered Spin Trapping Solutions

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The following chemicals were purchased from Fisher Scientific (ACS Grade): potassium acetate, glycerol, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and potassium phosphate. Potassium oxalate monohydrate and diethethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl 5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO) was obtained from Applied Bioanalytical Labs (Bradenton, FL). All solutions were prepared in HPLC grade water obtained from Fisher Scientific. Stock solutions of 1 M acetate or citrate buffer were used to buffer the solutions at pH4.0 at a final buffer concentration of 50 mM. Potassium oxalate stock solutions were prepared at 0.5 M and the pH was adjusted to match that of the pH of the buffering solution. A 2 M BMPO stock solution was also prepared, along with a 4 mM stock of DTPA.
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3

Steroid Quantification Methodology

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Cortisol, cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were purchased from Koch-Light Laboratories LTD (Colnbrook, Great Britain); 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, 7β-hydroxy-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, 16α-hydroxy-DHEA and D3-DHEA were from Steraloids (Newport, USA). D4-Cortisol was from CDN isotopes (Ponte-Claire, Canada). 2-hydrazinopyridine, ammonium formate, methyl tert-butyl ether, trifluoroacetic acid, homocystine, dithiothreitol, pyridine, p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine, ethyl chloroformate, isooctane, ethanol, chloroform, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid and potassium oxalate monohydrate were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). LC-MS grade methanol and water as well as diethyl ether were from Merck AG (Darmstadt, Germany). The physiological solution was from B-Braun (Melsungen AG, Germany).
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4

Fermentation of Fresh Cow Milk

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Fresh cow milk and red ginger obtained from the local market in Semarang, Indonesia. Chemicals used were L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus fermentation starters (Merck, Germany), NaOH (97%, Merck, Germany), formaldehyde solution (37%, Merck, Germany), potassium oxalate monohydrate (99.9%, Merck, Germany) and phenolphthalein (Merck, Germany).
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5

Fenton Reaction Experimental Procedure

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Analytical reagent-grade chemicals and ultrapure water were used. 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (C 8 H 6 Cl 2 O 3 , 98%) was purchased from Aldrich. Potassium ferrioxalate solution was prepared according to the methodology described by Murov et al. (1993) , using potassium oxalate monohydrate (Carlo Erba, 99.5%) and FeCl 3 .6H 2 O (Merck). Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 30%, reagentgrade), sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were obtained from Cicarelli. NaOH (Cicarelli) was employed for pH adjustment and HPLC grade methanol (Sintorgan) was used to stop the Fenton reaction. Acetonitrile and anhydrous acetic acid were purchased from Sintorgan and Anedra, respectively.
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