Reduced glutathione gsh

Rhein (batch No. 5045, purity >98.0%) was purchased from Shanghai Standard Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25% trypsin, penicillin, and streptomycin solution were obtained from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). RPMI 1640 medium, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), PBS, and MTT were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The LDH Assay Kit, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Assay Kit, DAPI Assay Kit, MMP Assay Kit, ROS Assay Kit, and Cell Cycle Assay Kit were obtained from Beyotime (Nanjing, China). Reduced glutathione (GSH) was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Antibodies against Fas (#4233S), Bax (#5023T), Bcl-2 (#15071), p53 (#2524T), p21 (#2947T), cyclin A (#4656T), CDK 2 (#2546T), cleaved caspase-3 (#9661T), cleaved caspase-9 (#9501T), cytochrome c (#4280T), and PARP (#9542T) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody against caspase-8 (#ab25901) was purchased from Abcam (Shanghai, China) (#ab25901).

Cisplatin, 3, 4-diaminopyridine (DAP), 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), isopropanol, and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent CO, Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Calcein AM and propidium iodide (PI) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30 %) was ordered form Jinshan chemical reagent Co. Ltd (Chengdu, China). Reduced glutathione (GSH) was obtained from Nanjing jiancheng institute of biological engineering. 4 % paraformaldehyde was bought from Labgic Technology Co, Ltd (Beijing, China). Xanthine (X), Xanthine oxidase (XO), Methylene blue (MB) and Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Reactive oxygen species assay kit based on 2, 7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was acquired from Beyotime Biotechnology Co, Ltd. Live/Dead dye for viability/cytotoxicity assay was acquired from enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were utilized as purchased without further purified.