Abts radical cation

After 72 h of culturing in YPG medium (containing 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 2% galactose) at 25 °C, the cells were lyophilized for extraction and analysis. Antioxidant capacity assays of K. marxianus wild type (WT) and engineered strains Cz30 were conducted with the ABTS substrate reaction and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. ABTS solution was prepared by 4.67 mM ABTS radical cation (Sigma-Aldrich) and 2.45 mM potassiumpersulfate and keep in dark. The assay was performed by mixing ABTS (990 µl) with analytes (10 µl), and the decline of 734 nm absorbance was represented antioxidant ability. Trolox is an analog of vitamin E and TEAC is use trolox equivalent as a benchmark for different antioxidants.

Pumpkin varieties, i.e., Cucurbita pepo (Spaghetti (Sp) and Delicata (Dl)) and Cucurbita moschata (Butternut Squash (BtnS), Butterkin (Btk), Shishigatani (Ss), Butternut Orange (BtnOr), and Muscat Provence (MsP)), were used as a matrix for the iodine. The plant material was from farms and marketplaces in the Wielkopolska region of Poland. Purchases were made during the harvest of pumpkin, in September–October (2021), when they reached maturity. The pumpkin was then transported to the laboratory and prepared for further analysis.
All pumpkin varieties contained iodine in the amount below 0.001 mg/100 g. The products were purchased in retail trade. KI and KIO₃ constituted the sources of iodine (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
The DPPH^•-scavenging capacity was tested using the DPPH radical (2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylhydrazyl) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). The ABTS^•+-scavenging capability was tested using the ABTS radical cation (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) (98%), (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA).
The DPPH- and ABTS-scavenging capability was tested using Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid) (97%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA).

ABTS radical cation (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid), anthrone, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid, sulforhodamine B (SRB), and trolox were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dutasteride, finasteride, and minoxidil were from Wuhan W&Z Biotech (Wuhan, China). Agarose gel, Tris base, and 50X Tris/Acetic acid/EDTA (TAE) were from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Follicle Dermal Papilla Cell Growth Medium Kit (cat no. C-26501) was from Promo Cell GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Antibiotic-antimycotic (100X; cat no.1 5240062), fetal bovine serum (FBS; cat no. 16000044), and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640; cat no. 31800022) were from Gibco Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Acetic acid, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), trichloroAcetic acid, sulfuric acid, and other chemical substances were purchased from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). All other chemicals were analytical-grade substances.